The Art of Being Ethical and Responsible: Print Media Debate on Final Disposal of Spent Nuclear Fuel in Finland and Sweden

Abstract

After decades of preparation, the final disposal of spent nuclear fuel has reached the construction stage in Finland, and the neighboring Sweden is likely to soon follow in the footsteps. These Nordic countries rely on a similar technical concept based on passive safety, advocated as a means of minimizing the burden to future generations. The scholarly literature on the ethics of nuclear waste management has thus far paid little attention to the views of the broader publics on the associated ethical challenges. This article helps to fill the gap through a longitudinal and comparative analysis of ethical discussion of the final disposal of SNF in news articles and letters to the editor in four leading Finnish and Swedish daily newspapers in 2008–2015. The study period included major milestones in the licensing processes of the respective two repository projects. The article examines the attention paid to intra- and intergenerational distributive and procedural justice, the changes in the ethical agenda over time, and the societal actor groups that receive attention in the media. The analysis reveals two distinct ethical media agendas: (1) the news article agenda that is dominated by framings of the main players (industry, politicians, authorities, and experts) and largely excludes future generations from the scope of justice, and (2) the agenda represented by the letters to the editor, which focuses on intergenerational justice concerns. Particularly, in the Finnish letters to the editor the value of the lives of distant future generations was discounted implicitly.

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“…(2) процедурная объективность: проз рачность, участие заинтересованных сторон в принятии решений, достаточность имеющихся знаний для окончательного решения, доверие к регуляторам, ученым, компании-оператору, ответственность производителей РАО за их утилизацию; (3) беспристрастность в отношениях между различными поколениями, ответственность перед потомками, возможность корректировать в будущем решения, принимаемые в настоящее время [36] .…”

“…Антиядерные активисты время от времени поднимают эти вопросы, но среди отечественных специалистов этой проблематикой интересуются единицы [35] . Развернувшаяся в последнее время дискуссия по поводу так называемого принципа радиоэквивалентности сосредоточена вокруг несостоятельности его научных обоснований и не затрагивает никаких этических аспектов [36]- [38] .…”