The Art of Making Polymeric Membranes

Khulbe, K.C.; Matsuura, Takeshi; Feng, Changyou

doi:10.1002/9781119041412.ch2

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…The obtained results agree well with the SEM images reported in Figure , in which the pore size and porosity became smaller with increasing polymer concentrations. In general, a higher polymer concentration produced a membrane with smaller granular structure, and this enhanced the polymer packing density . Smaller nodules gave a more compact structure compared to the bigger nodules.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Nodular structure and crystallinity of poly(vinylidene fluoride) membranes: Impact on the performance of direct‐contact membrane distillation for nutrient isolation

Yatim

Karim

Ooi

2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The main objective of this study was to prepare a low‐surface‐energy poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membrane distillation via changes in its surface morphology and crystallinity. We found that membranes prepared at different polymer concentrations with a dual coagulation bath showed distinctive differences in terms of their physical and chemical properties. We found that when the polymer concentration was increased, both the pore sizes and porosities of the membranes decreased. In addition, the polymer concentration also resulted in significant changes to the surface roughness and morphology of the membrane, which were manifested through varied nodule shapes and sizes. Higher polymer concentrations gave better wetting resistance (higher liquid entry pressure) because of the increasing hydrophobic α‐phase crystallinity but suffered from a lower porosity (lower vapor permeability). At a higher PVDF concentration, we expected that the thermal efficiency would be lower (because of the lower porosity); however, we observed an appreciable contrast phenomenon due to the increasing nonconductive α‐phase, and this lowered the thermal conductivity. These observations showed that the wettability of the membrane very much depended on the chemical properties of PVDF. The optimum membrane (20% PVDF) showed a consistent nutrient rejection of more than 99% with a membrane flux of 9.491 kg m2 h ± 0.1 at a feed temperature of 90 °C. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46866.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…This was the reason the surface of M‐12 had a higher roughness (0.886 µm) compared to M‐20 (0.494 µm). In general, a higher polymer concentration produced a smaller granular structure, which enhanced the polymer packing density …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nodular structure and crystallinity of poly(vinylidene fluoride) membranes: Impact on the performance of direct‐contact membrane distillation for nutrient isolation

Yatim

Karim

Ooi

2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Similar fragments could include double or triple bonds and also cyclic structures. In plasma depositions, the macromolecular compounds were generally prone to have crosslinking and branched structures . Branched structures were significantly different from linear structures with their tendency of fragmentation at the branches; the loss of a methyl group (CH 3 ) was also common in branched compounds…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Fluorene‐Type Thin Film Under Biphenyl/Methane Plasma Environment

Mansuroglu

Manolache

2015

Plasma Processes & Polymers

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Fluorene‐type (C13H10) thin films were synthesized by using the mixture of biphenyl (C12H10) and methane (CH4) plasma. The reactor is a parallel plate installation; upper electrode is connected to 13.56 MHz rf power and lower electrode is grounded. The thin films were deposited by applying a negative bias potential between the substrate and the wall of reactor. The films were investigated by residual gas analysis (RGA), UV–vis spectroscopy, atomic force microscope (AFM) and ellipsometry. They had significant nanostructured properties which were suitable for photovoltaic applications. The conjugation was improved by iodine doping and the optical band gap energy dropped down up to 2.85 eV.

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“…However, a thin (o 1 μm ) skin sublayer of the UF layer has narrow pores (usually a diameter of ca. 20 nm -Tab.5.3 in [22]) and due to this fact the mixture could be still in the liquid state in this part of the membrane. As there is no available data about that skin layer, it is not distinguished.…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 95%