The Art of Viral Membrane Fusion and Penetration

Winter, Sophie L.; Chlanda, Petr

doi:10.1007/978-3-031-40086-5_4

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 167 publications

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“…An improvement in photophysical properties of the RNA-binding dye will allow sequential imaging, which will allow for studying the evolution of the content distribution pattern as a function of time. Finally, we foresee that our method of content distribution assay based on superlocalization microscopy can be further adopted for estimating the efficiency of endosomal escape of cellular nanocarriers like lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) or vectors based on enveloped viruses which is still largely an empirical subject. − A reliable and straightforward measure of the content distribution between such nanocarriers and target vesicles (mimicking the endosome membrane) will be expected to better reflect its endosomal escape behavior and thus facilitate the rational design of the former.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Fluorogenic Pseudoinfection Assay to Probe Transfer and Distribution of Influenza Viral Contents to Target Vesicles

Bhattacharya,

Bagheri,

Boxer

2024

Anal. Chem.

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Fusion of enveloped viruses with endosomal membranes and subsequent release of the viral genome into the cytoplasm are crucial to the viral infection cycle. It is often modeled by performing fusion between virus particles and target lipid vesicles. We utilized fluorescence microscopy to characterize the kinetic aspects of the transfer of influenza viral ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) complexes to target vesicles and their spatial distribution within the fused volumes to gain deeper insight into the mechanistic aspects of endosomal escape. The fluorogenic RNA-binding dye QuantiFluor (Promega) was found to be well-suited for direct and sensitive microscopic observation of vRNPs which facilitated background-free detection and kinetic analysis of fusion events on a single particle level. To determine the extent to which the viral contents are transferred to the target vesicles through the fusion pore, we carried out virus-vesicle fusion in a side-by-side fashion. Measurement of the Euclidean distances between the centroids of superlocalized membrane and content dye signals within the fused volumes allowed determination of any symmetry (or the lack thereof) between them as expected in the event of transfer (or the lack thereof) of vRNPs, respectively. We found that, in the case of fusion between viruses and 100 nm target vesicles, ∼39% of the events led to transfer of viral contents to the target vesicles. This methodology provides a rapid, generic, and cell-free way to assess the inhibitory effects of antiviral drugs and therapeutics on the endosomal escape behavior of enveloped viruses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Fluorogenic Pseudoinfection Assay to Probe Transfer and Distribution of Influenza Viral Contents to Target Vesicles

Bhattacharya,

Bagheri,

Boxer

2024

Anal. Chem.

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Visualizing intermediate stages of viral membrane fusion by cryo-electron tomography

Kephart,

Hom,

Lee

2024

Trends in Biochemical Sciences

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Current View on Major Natural Compounds Endowed with Antibacterial and Antiviral Effects

Arrigoni,

Ballini,

Jirillo

et al. 2024

Antibiotics

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Nowadays, infectious diseases of bacterial and viral origins represent a serious medical problem worldwide. In fact, the development of antibiotic resistance is responsible for the emergence of bacterial strains that are refractory even to new classes of antibiotics. Furthermore, the recent COVID-19 pandemic suggests that new viruses can emerge and spread all over the world. The increase in infectious diseases depends on multiple factors, including malnutrition, massive migration of population from developing to industrialized areas, and alteration of the human microbiota. Alternative treatments to conventional antibiotics and antiviral drugs have intensively been explored. In this regard, plants and marine organisms represent an immense source of products, such as polyphenols, alkaloids, lanthipeptides, and terpenoids, which possess antibacterial and antiviral activities. Their main mechanisms of action involve modifications of bacterial cell membranes, with the formation of pores, the release of cellular content, and the inhibition of bacterial adherence to host cells, as well as of the efflux pump. Natural antivirals can interfere with viral replication and spreading, protecting the host with the enhanced production of interferon. Of note, these antivirals are not free of side effects, and their administration to humans needs more research in terms of safety. Preclinical research with natural antibacterial and antiviral compounds confirms their effects against bacteria and viruses, but there are still only a few clinical trials. Therefore, their full exploitation and more intensive clinical studies represent the next steps to be pursued in this area of medicine.

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The Art of Viral Membrane Fusion and Penetration

Cited by 4 publications

References 167 publications

A Fluorogenic Pseudoinfection Assay to Probe Transfer and Distribution of Influenza Viral Contents to Target Vesicles

A Fluorogenic Pseudoinfection Assay to Probe Transfer and Distribution of Influenza Viral Contents to Target Vesicles

Visualizing intermediate stages of viral membrane fusion by cryo-electron tomography

Current View on Major Natural Compounds Endowed with Antibacterial and Antiviral Effects

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