The arterial circulation of the left suprarenal gland

Abstract

The findings in a study of the general circulation of the suprarenal glands in 25 cases, and particularly of the left glands in 50 cases, are presented. The vessels arose from three pedicles: superior, middle and inferior. The inferior pedicle was the most irregular, with a frequent contribution from the gonadal artery to the inferior part of the gland; this artery should not be regarded as merely an accessory vessel. On the left side an inconstant posterior pedicle, separate from the others, was found in 26% of cases. Two forms of gonadal artery supplying the gland (8%) are described, an upper origin type at the renal artery level and an aberrant type.

Imaging of Nontraumatic Hemorrhage of the Adrenal Gland

“…The vascular channels in the primitive cortex become markedly engorged and more susceptible to hemorrhage. In addition to the superior, middle, and inferior adrenal arteries, an adrenal arterial supply arising from the gonadal arteries has been reported in 60% of fetal adrenal vascular dissections (23). Hemorrhagic necrosis within the hyperemic fetal cortex after birth is considered to result in the development of gross hemorrhage (4).…”

Definition of variational arteries that supply the suprarenal gland

“…However, in doubtful cases, Broman's explanation about arterial migration should have been taken into account to establish the base for certain name given as suggested by Gagnon (1964). There is a similarity between the abnormal branch that is shown in Figure 1 of this case and the origins described by Bianchi and Ferrari (1991). They observed in their investigation that the three arteries (one on the right and two on the left side), which supplies the suprarenal gland, was originated from the gonadal arteries, and also emphasized that the gonadal arteries that supply the glands have to be considered as not only accessorial structures but also having great importance (Bianchi and Ferrari, 1991).…”

Laparoscopic Appreciation of the Adrenal Artery: Fact or Fiction?

“…1,6 However, in other anatomy manuscripts, the supply is described as more complex, perhaps involving 10, 27, or 30 or more branches associated with the aortic, inferior phrenic, and renal arterial origins, respectively. 7,8 The drainage, on the other hand, is more defined and constant, typically consisting of a single large vein passing directly into the inferior vena cava on the right side and the renal vein on the left.…”

“…1,3,4 The advantages of laparoscopic adrenalectomy include reduced analgesic requirement, shorter hospitalization, and earlier return to work and full activity. 1,[3][4][5][6] The adrenal gland has a delicate and rich blood supply. 1,5 The venous anatomy is well defined, with a single adrenal vein emptying directly into the inferior vena cava on the right side and to the renal vein on the left, often with an inferior phrenic branch, which must be ligated when present.…”