The arterioportal fistula syndrome: Clinicopathologic features, diagnosis, and therapy

Aneurysms of Gastroepiploic Artery and Vein with an Arteriovenous Fistula after Partial Gastrectomy in a Patient Presenting with Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm—Report of a Case

“…15) In the present case, however, preoperative examinations by CT scanning and USG showed no splenomegaly or hepatic cirrhosis. The portal venous pressure was 14 cm H2O, which decreased a little to 13 cm H2O after clamping the right GEA.…”

Inferior mesenteric arteriovenous fistula: Case report and world-literature review

“…AVFs commonly involve the hepatic, superior mesenteric and splenic arteries [1,2] , though rare instances of fistulas between the inferior mesenteric artery and vein (IMA-V) have been described in the literature (Tables 1 and 2). These rare AVFs act as a left to right shunt causing pathophysiologic alteration of bowel function and manifest with a variety of signs and symptoms that are attributed to ischemic, congestive or hemodynamic mechanisms, including abdominal pain, abdominal mass with thrill, upper or lower gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, portal hypertension, ischemic colitis and cardiac failure [3][4][5] .…”

“…These rare AVFs act as a left to right shunt causing pathophysiologic alteration of bowel function and manifest with a variety of signs and symptoms that are attributed to ischemic, congestive or hemodynamic mechanisms, including abdominal pain, abdominal mass with thrill, upper or lower gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, portal hypertension, ischemic colitis and cardiac failure [3][4][5] . The condition is diagnosed upon observing a thickened and congested left hemicolon by computed tomography (CT), or by direct visualization of the AVF and estimation of its precise anatomy using angiography or magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) [1,2,6,7] . Treatment strategies for AVF involve either surgical intervention or embolization, which though safer, carries the danger of ischemia or passage of embolization material into portal circulation [3,7] .…”

Congenital intrahepatic arterioportal fistula presenting as severe undernutrition and chronic watery diarrhea in a 2-year-old girl

“…Less than 10% of all arterioportal fistulas that involve the hepatic artery are congenital [15]. Secondary causes are more common: major blunt [16] or penetrating abdominal trauma [17], surgical procedures such as needle liver biopsy [18], Kasai portoenterostomy [19] and segmental liver transplantation [20], hepatic artery aneurysms [21], cirrhosis [22], hepatocellular carcinoma [23], biliary atresia [24], and hereditary hemorrhagic telangectasia [25].…”

“…Vauthey et al [15] reviewed 88 cases from the literature, with IAPF from various etiologies and at various ages and found that TAE was successful in 42% of all cases. Complex congenital IAPFs are prone to collateralization or recurrence after radiologic intervention [1].…”