The aryl hydrocarbon receptor in liver inflammation

Carambia, Antonella; Schuran, Fenja Amrei

doi:10.1007/s00281-021-00867-8

Cited by 33 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…After entering the nucleus, AHR regulates the expression of many genes. Mostly, AHR binds to the AHR nuclear translocator (ARNT), regulating the expression of target genes containing AHR-responsive DNA elements (called xenobiotic response elements (XREs)) [ 18 , 20 , 21 ]. In addition, AHR can bind to other transcription factors, such as NF-κB, the retinoic acid receptor and the oestrogen receptor [ 22 ].…”

Section: The Ahr Signaling Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota Regulation of AHR Signaling in Liver Disease

Wang

Zhou

2022

Biomolecules

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Liver health plays a vital role in human health and disease. Emerging evidence has shown the importance of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) in liver diseases such as alcoholic liver disease, fatty liver disease, and liver failure. As a ligand-activated transcription factor, AHR can be activated by endogenous ligands of microbial metabolites such as tryptophan (Trp), kynurenine (Kyn) or indole derivatives locally or distantly. However, the therapeutic effects of the gut microbiota-regulated AHR pathway remain to be clarified. In this review, we summarize recent progress and examine the role of AHR signaling as a target for gut microbiota intervention in liver diseases. The focus on AHR signaling will identify a promising target in the gut microbiota for better understanding and therapeutic opportunities in liver diseases.

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Section: The Ahr Signaling Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota Regulation of AHR Signaling in Liver Disease

Wang

Zhou

2022

Biomolecules

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“…AHR is a ubiquitous ligand-activated transcriptional factor, whose activity is modulated through binding a broad variety of agonist and antagonist ligands [reviewed in ( 38 )]. As such, AHR signaling has been recognized as a key regulator of several immune diseases, however, current literature regarding the impact of AHR activation on the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes suggests that its effect is indirect through immune modulation and not directly on beta cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanovesicles From Lactobacillus johnsonii N6.2 Reduce Apoptosis in Human Beta Cells by Promoting AHR Translocation and IL10 Secretion

et al. 2022

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L. johnsonii N6.2 releases nano-sized vesicles (NVs) with distinct protein and lipid contents. We hypothesized that these NVs play a central role in the delivery of bioactive molecules that may act as mechanistic effectors in immune modulation. In this report, we observed that addition of NVs to the human pancreatic cell line βlox5 reduced cytokine-induced apoptosis. Through RNAseq analyses, increased expression of CYP1A1, CYP1B1, AHRR, and TIPARP genes in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) pathways were found to be significantly induced in presence of NVs. AHR nuclear translocation was confirmed by confocal microscopy. The role of NVs on beta cell function was further evaluated using primary human pancreatic islets. It was found that NVs significantly increased insulin secretion in presence of high glucose concentrations. These increases positively correlated with increased GLUT6 and SREBF1 mRNA and coincided with reduced oxidative stress markers. Furthermore, incubation of NVs with THP-1 macrophages promoted the M2 tolerogenic phenotype through STAT3 activation, expression of AHR-dependent genes and secretion of IL10. Altogether, our findings indicate that bacterial NVs have the potential to modulate glucose homeostasis in the host by directly affecting insulin secretion by islets and through the induction of a tolerogenic immune phenotype.

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“…AHR activity seems to regulate barrier organs, such as the skin, lung, or gut. The liver is exposed to gut-derived alimentary or microbial AHR ligands and, additionally, generates AHR ligands, including metabolic enzymes, such as cytochrome P450, which produces toxic metabolites and increases ROS production [114]. In contrast, AHR ligands from intestinal microbiota are involved in the maintenance of epithelial integrity as well as the generation of the anti-inflammatory IL-22 [115].…”

Section: Inflammation and Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Inflammatory and Anticancer Effects of Microalgal Carotenoids

et al. 2021

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Acute inflammation is a key component of the immune system’s response to pathogens, toxic agents, or tissue injury, involving the stimulation of defense mechanisms aimed to removing pathogenic factors and restoring tissue homeostasis. However, uncontrolled acute inflammatory response may lead to chronic inflammation, which is involved in the development of many diseases, including cancer. Nowadays, the need to find new potential therapeutic compounds has raised the worldwide scientific interest to study the marine environment. Specifically, microalgae are considered rich sources of bioactive molecules, such as carotenoids, which are natural isoprenoid pigments with important beneficial effects for health due to their biological activities. Carotenoids are essential nutrients for mammals, but they are unable to synthesize them; instead, a dietary intake of these compounds is required. Carotenoids are classified as carotenes (hydrocarbon carotenoids), such as α- and β-carotene, and xanthophylls (oxygenate derivatives) including zeaxanthin, astaxanthin, fucoxanthin, lutein, α- and β-cryptoxanthin, and canthaxanthin. This review summarizes the present up-to-date knowledge of the anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of microalgal carotenoids both in vitro and in vivo, as well as the latest status of human studies for their potential use in prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases and cancer.

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The aryl hydrocarbon receptor in liver inflammation

Cited by 33 publications

References 81 publications

Gut Microbiota Regulation of AHR Signaling in Liver Disease

Gut Microbiota Regulation of AHR Signaling in Liver Disease

Nanovesicles From Lactobacillus johnsonii N6.2 Reduce Apoptosis in Human Beta Cells by Promoting AHR Translocation and IL10 Secretion

Anti-Inflammatory and Anticancer Effects of Microalgal Carotenoids

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