The Asexual Life Cycle

Hardham, Adrienne R.

doi:10.1002/9780470475898.ch5

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 138 publications

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“…The major components of their cell walls are cellulose and β-1,3-glucans and unlike fungal cell walls, only small amounts of chitin are present in some species (Kamoun 2003, Rossman andPalm 2006). They reproduce asexually by heterokont biflagellate zoospores (Hardham 2009) and when sexuality is present, by forming in most cases oogonia and antheridia that mate, producing thick-walled oospores (Judelson 2009). They are cosmopolitan and ubiquitous, playing key roles in a wide range of ecosystems as saprotrophs and parasites of a variety of host organisms such as algae, oomycetes, fungi, plants, invertebrates and vertebrates (Marano et al 2014).…”

Section: Contribution To Oomycotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal diversity notes 253–366: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa

et al. 2016

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Notes on 113 fungal taxa are compiled in this paper, including 11 new genera, 89 new species, one new subspecies, three new combinations and xx reference specimens. A wide geographic and taxonomic range of fungal taxa are detailed. In the Ascomycota the new genera Angustospora (Testudinaceae), Camporesia (Xylariaceae), Clematidis, Crassiparies (Pleosporales genera incertae sedis), Farasanispora, Longiostiolum (Pleosporales genera incertae sedis), Multilocularia (Parabambusicolaceae), Neophaeocryptopus (Dothideaceae), Parameliola (Pleosporales genera incertae sedis), and Towyspora (Lentitheciaceae) are introduced. Newly introduced species are Angustospora nilensis, Aniptodera

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Section: Contribution To Oomycotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal diversity notes 253–366: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa

et al. 2016

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“…Contrary to fungal hyphae, the hyphae of oomycetes lack septa or cross walls and are therefore referred to as aseptate or coenocytic. However, under certain circumstances septa, in some cases referred to as cross walls, have been observed in oomycetes, for example at the basis of the sporangium, at the hyphal tip, in old mycelium or in response to wounding [ 6 – 8 ]. Interestingly, in P. infestans septa-like structures have also been described to form in the germ tube, separating the cyst from the appressorium [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Filamentous actin accumulates during plant cell penetration and cell wall plug formation in Phytophthora infestans

Kots

Meijer

Bouwmeester

et al. 2016

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

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The oomycete Phytophthora infestans is the cause of late blight in potato and tomato. It is a devastating pathogen and there is an urgent need to design alternative strategies to control the disease. To find novel potential drug targets, we used Lifeact-eGFP expressing P. infestans for high resolution live cell imaging of the actin cytoskeleton in various developmental stages. Previously, we identified actin plaques as structures that are unique for oomycetes. Here we describe two additional novel actin configurations; one associated with plug deposition in germ tubes and the other with appressoria, infection structures formed prior to host cell penetration. Plugs are composed of cell wall material that is deposited in hyphae emerging from cysts to seal off the cytoplasm-depleted base after cytoplasm retraction towards the growing tip. Preceding plug formation there was a typical local actin accumulation and during plug deposition actin remained associated with the leading edge. In appressoria, formed either on an artificial surface or upon contact with plant cells, we observed a novel aster-like actin configuration that was localized at the contact point with the surface. Our findings strongly suggest a role for the actin cytoskeleton in plug formation and plant cell penetration.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00018-016-2383-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…The second significant finding of the present work is the organisation of the pathogen MT cytoskeleton, which was monitored throughout the basic infection stages. The critical role of the cytoskeleton during the infection has been also reported in other host–pathogen systems, and it has been underlined that the arrangement of MTs at each stage of infection is the cornerstone for its dominance in the host cell and the morphogenesis of zoospores (Holloway & Heath ; Hardham ). The typical cytoskeleton of an E. dicksonii spore during division is quite similar to that of related stramenopile species (Katsaros ; Jelke et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Cytoskeleton organisation during the infection of three brown algal species, Ectocarpus siliculosus,Ectocarpus crouaniorum and Pylaiella littoralis, by the intracellular marine oomycete Eurychasma dicksonii

et al. 2013

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Oomycete diseases in seaweeds are probably widespread and of significant ecological and economic impact, but overall still poorly understood. This study investigates the organisation of the cytoskeleton during infection of three brown algal species, Pylaiella littoralis, Ectocarpus siliculosus, and Ectocarpus crouaniorum, by the basal marine oomycete Eurychasma dicksonii. Immunofluorescence staining of tubulin revealed how the development of this intracellular biotrophic pathogen impacts on microtubule (MT) organisation of its algal host. The host MT cytoskeleton remains normal and organised by the centrosome until very late stages of the infection. Additionally, the organisation of the parasite's cytoskeleton was examined. During mitosis of the E. dicksonii nucleus the MT focal point (microtubule organisation centre, MTOC, putative centrosome) duplicates and each daughter MTOC migrates to opposite poles of the nucleus. This similarity in MT organisation between the host and pathogen reflects the relatively close phylogenetic relationship between oomycetes and brown algae. Moreover, actin labelling with rhodamine-phalloidin in E. dicksonii revealed typical images of actin dots connected by fine actin filament bundles in the cortical cytoplasm. The functional and phylogenetic implications of our observations are discussed.

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The Asexual Life Cycle

Cited by 7 publications

References 138 publications

Fungal diversity notes 253–366: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa

Fungal diversity notes 253–366: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa

Filamentous actin accumulates during plant cell penetration and cell wall plug formation in Phytophthora infestans

Cytoskeleton organisation during the infection of three brown algal species, Ectocarpus siliculosus,Ectocarpus crouaniorum and Pylaiella littoralis, by the intracellular marine oomycete Eurychasma dicksonii

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