The Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Central Germany: Surveillance in its northernmost distribution area

Kuhlisch, Cornelius; Kampen, Helge; Walther, Doreen

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.08.019

Cited by 28 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The model predicts the presence of Ae. albopictus in central Germany and in southern Czech Republic in agreement to the latest detections reported in Kuhlisch et al (2018) and Rudolf et al (2018), respectively. The predicted population abundance shows a negative gradient from southern to northern Europe.…”

Section: Maps Of Mosquito Potential Distribution Abundance and Activitysupporting

confidence: 90%

Development and calibration of a model for the potential establishment and impact of Aedes albopictus in Europe

et al. 2020

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Section: Maps Of Mosquito Potential Distribution Abundance and Activitysupporting

confidence: 90%

Development and calibration of a model for the potential establishment and impact of Aedes albopictus in Europe

et al. 2020

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“…First, a maximum temperature slightly above the freezing point is common in many areas in Germany during day time in winter and was given in field studies with Ae. albopictus in northeastern and central Germany [ 29 , 46 ]. Secondly, the chosen temperature threshold allows testing three different temperature amplitudes traversing the freezing point twice in every temperature cycle.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Repeated overwintering of Ae. albopictus has later been demonstrated in Germany, and several populations are now considered established [ 27 – 29 ]. Modelling approaches based on climatic parameters suggest that a spread to other regions of Germany is possible [ 30 – 33 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low temperature tolerance of three Aedes albopictus strains (Diptera: Culicidae) under constant and fluctuating temperature scenarios

2020

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Background Aedes albopictus, a vector of numerous viruses and filarial worms, has already established in 20 countries in Europe, mainly colonising subtropical regions. Continuing adaptation to climatic conditions in temperate areas would probably result in a spread to more northern European countries, producing an increasing risk of mosquito-borne pathogen transmission over a much greater area. Based on previous studies showing that Ae. albopictus is able to overwinter in Germany, this study aims to determine more exactly its ecological limits of enduring low temperatures. Methods Non-diapausing and experimentally induced diapausing eggs of three different Ae. albopictus strains (tropical, subtropical and temperate origins) were exposed to four different regimes with constant temperatures and three different regimes with fluctuating temperatures in a course of a day for a minimum of 2 and a maximum of 30 days. The hatching rate of larvae after cold exposure of the eggs was taken as a measure of cold tolerance. Results The experiments showed that the tropical Ae. albopictus strain had a lower cold tolerance than the subtropical and the temperate strains. The eggs of all used strains were able to survive constant temperatures as low as −5 °C for an exposure period of 30 days, while constant temperatures as low as −10 °C were endured for 2 days by the tropical strain and for 10 and 20 days by the subtropical and temperate strains, respectively. At fluctuating temperatures, both the subtropical and the temperate strains exhibited hatching under all temperature regimes, even with a minimum temperature of −10 °C, whereas the tropical strain ceased hatching after an exposure period of 30 days under the temperature regime with a minimum temperature of −10 °C. The analyses showed that the temperature played the major role in interpreting the hatching rates of the eggs. The condition, whether the eggs were diapausing or not, had no significant influence, although results indicated a slightly higher cold tolerance of diapausing eggs at −10 °C. Conclusions It must be expected that subtropical and temperate strains of Ae. albopictus are able to withstand common central European winters and are able to establish in considerable parts of the continent.

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“…: reliable identification not possible due to high morphological similarity and CO1-DNA sequence homology with other species, lack of males and processing of adults only; 1 based on literature published from the year 1900 onwards; 2 references provided only when most recent documentation occurred before most recent finding in the present monitoring programme; 3 should not be considered belonging to the German mosquito fauna anymore parts of southern Germany and remote from motorways, linked to local reproduction over extended periods of time (Werner and Kampen 2015). Repeated overwintering suggests establishment of the species at various localities in Germany, including the northernmost population worldwide (Pluskota et al 2016;Becker et al 2017;Kuhlisch et al 2018a).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nine years of mosquito monitoring in Germany, 2011–2019, with an updated inventory of German culicid species

2020

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Before the background of increasingly frequent outbreaks and cases of mosquito-borne diseases in various European countries, Germany recently realised the necessity of updating decade-old data on the occurrence and spatiotemporal distribution of culicid species. Starting in 2011, a mosquito monitoring programme was therefore launched with adult and immature mosquito stages being collected at numerous sites all over Germany both actively by trapping, netting, aspirating and dipping, and passively by the citizen science project 'Mueckenatlas'. Until the end of 2019, about 516,000 mosquito specimens were analysed, with 52 (probably 53) species belonging to seven genera found, including several species not reported for decades due to being extremely rare (Aedes refiki, Anopheles algeriensis, Culex martinii) or local (Culiseta alaskaensis, Cs. glaphyroptera, Cs. ochroptera). In addition to 43 (probably 44 including Cs. subochrea) out of 46 species previously described for Germany, nine species were collected that had never been documented before. These consisted of five species recently established (Ae. albopictus, Ae. japonicus, Ae. koreicus, An. petragnani, Cs. longiareolata), three species probably introduced on one single occasion only and not established (Ae. aegypti, Ae. berlandi, Ae. pulcritarsis), and a newly described cryptic species of the Anopheles maculipennis complex (An. daciae) that had probably always been present but not been differentiated from its siblings. Two species formerly listed for Germany could not be documented (Ae. cyprius, Ae. nigrinus), while presence is likely for another species (Cs. subochrea), which could not be demonstrated in the monitoring programme as it can neither morphologically nor genetically be reliably distinguished from a closely related species (Cs. annulata) in the female sex. While Cs. annulata males were collected in the present programme, this was not the case with Cs. subochrea. In summary, although some species regarded endemic could not be found during the last 9 years, the number of culicid species that must be considered firmly established in Germany has increased to 51 (assuming Cs. subochrea and Ae. nigrinus are still present) due to several newly emerged ones but also to one species (Ae. cyprius) that must be considered extinct after almost a century without documentation. Most likely, introduction and establishment of the new species are a consequence of globalisation and climate warming, as three of them are native to Asia (Ae. albopictus, Ae. japonicus, Ae. koreicus) and three (Ae. albopictus, An. petragnani, Cs. longiareolata) are relatively thermophilic. Another thermophilic species, Uranotaenia unguiculata, which had been described for southwestern Germany in 1994 and had since been found only at the very site of its first detection, was recently documented at additional localities in the northeastern part of the country. As several mosquito species found in Germany are serious pests or potential vectors of disease agents and should be kept under perman...

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The Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Central Germany: Surveillance in its northernmost distribution area

Cited by 28 publications

References 35 publications

Development and calibration of a model for the potential establishment and impact of Aedes albopictus in Europe

Development and calibration of a model for the potential establishment and impact of Aedes albopictus in Europe

Low temperature tolerance of three Aedes albopictus strains (Diptera: Culicidae) under constant and fluctuating temperature scenarios

Nine years of mosquito monitoring in Germany, 2011–2019, with an updated inventory of German culicid species

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