The Assessment and Efficiency of Cefixime in Upper Respiratory Tract Infections: Insights and Perspectives

Abstract

Upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) are common in patients of the pediatric age group and often lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Antibiotics such as cefixime have contributed to the management of URTIs, particularly when bacterial etiology is suspected. Several studies have evaluated the effectiveness of cefixime in pediatric URTIs, showing promising results in alleviating symptoms and reducing the duration of illness. Cefixime, a third-generation cephalosporin, exhibits broad-spectrum activity against common pathogens implicated in URTIs, including Streptococcus pneumoniae , Haemophilus influenzae , and Moraxella catarrhalis , which are resistant to hydrolysis by several β-lactamases. Due to its unique three-hour elimination half-life, cefixime allows for twice-daily or, in most cases, once-daily dosage. As a third-generation cephalosporin, cefixime effectively targets the common bacterial pathogens associated with these infections. Its notable efficacy is coupled with a favorable safety profile, making it a preferred choice for pediatricians and family physicians. The safety profiles of cefixime in children have been extensively studied with generally favorable outcomes. Adverse events are typically mild and infrequent, with gastrointestinal disturbances being most commonly reported. Notably, cefixime has a low propensity to induce bacterial resistance, making it a valuable option in the era of increasing antibiotic resistance. Cefixime may serve as a substitute for penicillin and first-generation cephalosporins in cases of acute upper and lower respiratory tract infections, acute otitis media, and acute uncomplicated urinary tract infections. This review aimed to provide a comprehensive outline of the use of cefixime in the treatment of URTIs in the pediatric population, focusing on its efficacy, safety, and overall clinical applications.