The Assessment of Acute Pain in Pre-Hospital Care Using Verbal Numerical Rating and Visual Analogue Scales

Ismail, Ahmad Khaldun; Ghafar, Muhammad A. Abdul; Shamsuddin, Noor S.haza A.; Roslan, Nurul A.; Kaharuddin, Hilwani; Muhamad, Nik Azlan Nik

doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2015.02.043

Cited by 45 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The NRS is a self-reported pain assessment tool that has been validated in the acute (18) and, specifically, prehospital settings. (19) Secondary outcomes were: (a) Ramsay Sedation Score (RSS; score 1: anxious and agitated or restless, or both; score 2: cooperative, orientated and tranquil; score 3: responds to commands only; score 4: brisk response to painful stimuli or loud auditory stimulus; score 5: sluggish response to painful stimuli or loud auditory stimulus; and score 6: no response to painful stimuli or loud auditory stimulus) at 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes and 20 minutes; Sample size calculation was based on an equivalence test of means for the primary outcome of drop in NRS from baseline at 5 minutes for a parallel-group design. To achieve a power of 80% at 5% significance level, when the true difference in NRS drop between two arms was 0, standard deviation of the drop in NRS was 1.5 (≅ 1/6 of range 0-10) and the required equivalence limits were −0.5 to +0.5, so that a sample size of 155 for each arm was required.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of inhalational methoxyflurane (Penthrox®) and intramuscular tramadol for prehospital analgesia

Lim¹,

Koh²,

Ng³

et al. 2021

smedj

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of inhalational methoxyflurane (Penthrox®) and intramuscular tramadol for prehospital analgesia

Lim¹,

Koh²,

Ng³

et al. 2021

smedj

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“…The score is determined by measuring the distance (mm) between the no pain anchor to the point that the patient marks, providing a range of scores from 0 - 100. A higher score indicates greater pain intensity ( 17 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) on Wound Healing After Caesarean Section in High-Risk Patients

Tehranian¹,

Esfehani-Mehr²,

Pirjani³

et al. 2016

Iran Red Crescent Med J

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BackgroundPlatelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a human plasma product enriched by platelets, growth factors, and fibrinogen with high hemostatic and healing properties.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of autologous PRP on wound healing in high-risk women undergoing cesarean sections.Patients and MethodsIn this balanced, randomized, and controlled trial, 140 patients were admitted to Arash women’s hospital, Tehran, Iran from May of 2013 to November of 2014 for elective cesarean surgery. The patients were randomly assigned into two groups. The intervention group received PRP after surgery, whereas the control group received the usual care. All patients were evaluated at baseline, five days, and eight weeks after the cesarean section. The primary endpoint used the REEDA scale for assessing the changes in wound healing. The secondary outcome measures used were the Vancouver scar scale (VSS) and the visual analog scale (VAS). All scale scores were analyzed using a repeated measures test for variance.ResultsAt the end of study, the PRP group showed a greater reduction in the edema ecchymosed discharge approximation (REEDA) score compared to the control group (85.5% reduction in the PRP group; 72% in the control group) (P < 0.001). Compared with the control group, the PRP group had a significantly greater reduction in the VAN score, beginning on the fifth day after the cesarean section (-0.7, 38% reduction in PRP group; -0.8, 33% in control group) (P < 0.001), and this trend was stable at the end of the eighth week (-0.6, 54% reduction in PRP group; -0.3, 18% in control group). Furthermore, patients treated with PRP experienced a 93% reduction in the VAS score at the end of follow-up, but the control group only observed a 79% reduction (P < 0.001).ConclusionsIt seems that applying PRP is an effective therapeutic approach for wound healing, and faster wound healing is expected due to the presence of more platelets and growth factors.

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“…The IWN is a simple and engaging visual analogue scale that gathers information about the emotional impact of engaging in nature-based activities without requiring a high level of reading comprehension (Toews, Wagenfeld, & Stevens, 2018). Visual analogue scales have been shown to be an effective and efficient means to gather information on factors such as pain and consumer satisfaction (Abend, Dan, Maoz, Raz, & Bar-Haim, 2014;Ismail et al, 2015). They can be completed by individuals with low literacy and are less vulnerable to confounding factors than Likert scales (Rhee, Belyea, & Mammen, 2017;Voutilainen, Pitkäaho, Kvist, & Vehviläinen-Julkunen, 2016).…”

Section: Design and Instrumentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring Emotional Response to a Planting Activity for Staff at an Urban Office Setting: A Pilot Study

Wagenfeld¹,

Schefkind²,

Hock³

2019

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

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Background: Interaction with occupation-centered activities, such as gardening, is associated with improved mental health. With limited evidence supporting the effects of short-term nature-based interventions on employees' emotional states, the purpose of this research was to understand the impact of a one-time, short-term nature-based intervention on the emotional state of employees at an urban office building. Method: This pretest/posttest design study used a visual analogue emoticon assessment tool, the Interaction with Nature scale, to measure differences in the participants' emotional states before and after participating in a planting activity. Twenty-two participants engaged in the study. Each participant potted a succulent plant to display in the participant's workspace. Results: Quantitative results indicate with statistical significance that the participants were happier (t(21) = 7.1, p = .001; r s (.535), p = .010), calmer (t(21) = 3.4, p = .003; r s (.486), p = .022), and more hopeful (t(21) = 2.9, p = .009; r s (.634), p = .002) after the intervention than before the intervention. Conclusion: Findings suggest that a short-term, occupation-centered nature intervention can improve emotional state. Nature-based interventions may help to increase social interactions among staff and contribute to making a positive impact on the office workplace social context. Determining how occupation-centered nature interventions can improve emotional status and social relationships is important to consider, along with any potential implications for workforce performance. Comments The authors report that they have no conflicts of interest to disclose.

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The Assessment of Acute Pain in Pre-Hospital Care Using Verbal Numerical Rating and Visual Analogue Scales

Cited by 45 publications

References 22 publications

Comparison of inhalational methoxyflurane (Penthrox®) and intramuscular tramadol for prehospital analgesia

Comparison of inhalational methoxyflurane (Penthrox®) and intramuscular tramadol for prehospital analgesia

Application of Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) on Wound Healing After Caesarean Section in High-Risk Patients

Measuring Emotional Response to a Planting Activity for Staff at an Urban Office Setting: A Pilot Study

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