“…The research covers a number of disciplines, including ecology, geography, management, economics and environmental studies (Kennedy et al, 2011;Satterthwaite, 2008;Salim and Shafiei, 2014;Scholz and Binder, 2011). Case studies have been conducted on a variety of countries and regions, including Europe, the US, Russia and China (Barbera et al, 2010;Alnawaiseh et al, 2015;Zanella et al, 2014;Bao and Fang, 2007), with a tendency to look at watersheds, ecologically vulnerable areas, urbanized areas and metropolitan areas (Fang, 2015a;Zawar-Reza et al, 2010;Meerow and Newell, 2015). Studies have taken as their scope the world, countries, provinces, cities and parts of cities, with the main focus being cities (Luo et al, 2009;Yang et al, 2015;Anderson and O'farrell, 2012;Brown, 2012).…”