The Assessment of Damage Around Critical Engineering Structures Using Induced Seismicity and Ultrasonic Techniques

Pettitt, Will; Baker, Christopher E.; Young, R. P.; Dahlström, Lars-Olof; Ramqvist, Gunnar

doi:10.1007/978-3-0348-8179-1_9

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The seismic methods are extensively used in the investigation of the excavation disturbed zone in various projects ranging from nuclear waste isolation to mining. Examples of these applications among many others are; Carlson and Young (1993), Maxwell et al (1996), Luke et al (1999), Sato et al (2000), Wright et al (2000), Cosma et al (2001), Pettitt et al (2002), Holcomb et al (2003), Kruschwitz and Yaramanci (2004), Meglis et al (2005), etc. The primary advantage of using the seismic methods is that a large volume of rock in situ can be investigated compared to other methods (Saiang, 2004) and is nondestructive (Martin et al, 1997).…”

Section: Application Of Seismic Methods For Edz Investigationmentioning

confidence: 97%

The excavation disturbed zone (EDZ) at Kiirunavaara mine, Sweden—by seismic measurements

Malmgren

Saiang

Töyrä

et al. 2007

Journal of Applied Geophysics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Application Of Seismic Methods For Edz Investigationmentioning

confidence: 97%

The excavation disturbed zone (EDZ) at Kiirunavaara mine, Sweden—by seismic measurements

Malmgren

Saiang

Töyrä

et al. 2007

Journal of Applied Geophysics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…We used these recordings to determine the P wave travel times in the sample along selected raypaths. Given the large amount of data to be computed, we applied a cross‐correlation method (Pettitt et al, ) to automatically pick travel time differences with a reference survey, which was performed after hydrostatic compression. Travel times were then converted into elastic wave velocities.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elastic Anisotropy Reversal During Brittle Creep in Shale

Geng

Bonnelye

Chen

et al. 2017

Geophysical Research Letters

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We conducted two brittle creep experiments on shale samples under upper crustal conditions (confining pressure of 80 MPa at 26°C and 75°C). We deformed the samples to failure, with bedding oriented perpendicular to the maximum compressive stress direction, using the stress-stepping methodology. In both experiments, the failure stress was~64% higher than the short-term peak strength. Throughout each differential stress step, ultrasonic wave velocities initially decreased and then gradually increased with deformation/time. The magnitude of these variations depends both on the direction of measurement with respect to the bedding and the temperature, and it is largest for velocities measured parallel to the bedding and at high temperature. Elastic wave anisotropy was completely reversed at 75°C, following a limited amount of axial strain (~0.6%). Scanning electron microscope investigation confirmed evidence of a time-dependent pressure solution, localized compaction, crack sealing/healing, and mineral rotation. Our observations reveal that elastic anisotropy can evolve rapidly in both time and space, which has implications on the stress state and its rotation near fault zones. Recently, Bonnelye et al. (2017a, 2017b) studied the influence of bedding and stress on elastic wave anisotropy in "anisotropic" Tournemire shale samples deformed at constant strain rates. To our knowledge, only GENG ET AL.

show abstract

“…As a consequence, microseismicity and active seismic methods provide unique possibilities for remotely monitoring a repository in a largely nonintrusive manner. The principal differences between these methods and those employed from within a repository ͑Falls and Young, 1998;Young and Collins, 2001;Schuster et al, 2001;Pettitt et al, 2002;Bastiaens et al, 2007;Damaj et al, 2007;Nicollin et al, 2008;Balland et al, 2009͒ are the need to record seismic waves that have traveled over longer distances and the associated requirements to employ lower frequency sensors and ͑for the active methods͒ lower frequency more powerful energy sources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The extent of a damage zone depends on the type of host rock, the geomechanical conditions, and the excavation method ͑Barton, 2006͒. It may be as small as a few centimeters to as large as several shaft/tunnel radii, and its physical properties may vary over time; in argillaceous rocks, the hydraulic conductivities may decrease by orders of magnitude during the first few years after excavation as a result of various self-healing processes ͑Bossart et al., 2004;Blümling et al, 2007͒. In addition to recording microseismic and acoustic emissions ͑Falls and Young, 1998;Young et al, 2000;Young and Collins, 2001;Pettitt et al, 2002͒, various geoelectric ͑Kruschwitz andYaramanci, 2004;Gibert et al, 2006͒ and active ultrasonic ͑ 10 KHz͒ seismic methods ͑Falls and Young, 1998;Young and Collins, 2001;Schuster et al, 2001;Pettitt et al, 2002;Bastiaens et al, 2007;Damaj et al, 2007;Nicollin et al, 2008;Balland et al, 2009͒ have been used to monitor the evolution of EDZs based on data acquired within shafts/tunnels or within boreholes drilled from shafts/tunnels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Appraisal of waveform repeatability for crosshole and hole-to-tunnel seismic monitoring of radioactive waste repositories

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Countries worldwide are seeking solutions for the permanent removal of high-level radioactive waste from the environment. Surrounding the waste with multiple engineered barriers and emplacement in deep geological repositories is widely accepted as a safe means of isolating it from the biosphere for the necessary 10 5 -10 6 years. As a precautionary measure, society demands that repositories be monitored for 100-300 years after they are backfilled and sealed. Effective monitoring that does not compromise the engineered and natural barriers is challenging. To address this issue, we investigate the viability of crosshole and hole-to-tunnel seismic methods for remotely monitoring high level radioactive waste repositories. Measurements are made at two underground rock laboratories in Switzerland, one within granitic rock and one within clay-rich sediments. Numerical simulations demonstrate that temporal changes of the monitored features ͑i.e., bentonite plug, excavation damage zone, sand-filled microtunnel͒ should produce significant changes in the seismic waveforms. Nevertheless, inversion for medium-property changes requires that true seismic waveform changes are not overwhelmed by recording variations. We find that a P-wave sparker source is highly repeatable up to frequencies of 3 -4 kHz for propagation distances out to tens of meters involved in repository-scale monitoring. Hydrophone repeatability is limited by incoherent high frequency noise and variable hydrophone-borehole coupling conditions, but firmly grouted geophones within the tunnels yield consistent recordings. Three kinds of coherent noise contaminate the data: ͑1͒ mechanically induced electrical effects in the hydrophone chains; ͑2͒ high currents in the sparker cable, which cause it to oscillate radially as a line source; and ͑3͒ tube waves. Our investigations outline a quantitative methodology to assess data-quality requirements for successful monitoring. We suggest that full waveform seismic tomography can be used to monitor radioactive waste emplacement tunnels, provided that careful attention is paid to instrument fidelity and noise suppression.

show abstract

The Assessment of Damage Around Critical Engineering Structures Using Induced Seismicity and Ultrasonic Techniques

Cited by 12 publications

References 6 publications

The excavation disturbed zone (EDZ) at Kiirunavaara mine, Sweden—by seismic measurements

The excavation disturbed zone (EDZ) at Kiirunavaara mine, Sweden—by seismic measurements

Elastic Anisotropy Reversal During Brittle Creep in Shale

Appraisal of waveform repeatability for crosshole and hole-to-tunnel seismic monitoring of radioactive waste repositories

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About