The assessment of faecal flora in patients with inflammatory bowel disease by a simplified bacteriological technique

Giaffer, M. H.; Holdsworth, C D; Duerden, B. I.

doi:10.1099/00222615-35-4-238

Cited by 135 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Indeed, recent studies demonstrate that obesity in humans and ob/ob mice is associated with stereotypical imbalances in the normal gut microbiota (31)(32)(33). Likewise, previous studies of human IBD, using standard culture techniques (34)(35)(36) or molecular analysis (37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43), have noted alterations in the GI microbiota. However, most of these IBD studies have been limited in statistical power and precision of identification or have examined only the fecal microbiota, which differs substantially from that of the GI mucosa (44).…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

Molecular-phylogenetic characterization of microbial community imbalances in human inflammatory bowel diseases

Frank

Amand

Feldman

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

4,005

193

2,968

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The two primary human inflammatory bowel diseases, Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are idiopathic relapsing disorders characterized by chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract. Although several lines of reasoning suggest that gastrointestinal (GI) microbes influence inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathogenesis, the types of microbes involved have not been adequately described. Here we report the results of a cultureindependent rRNA sequence analysis of GI tissue samples obtained from CD and UC patients, as well as non-IBD controls. Specimens were obtained through surgery from a variety of intestinal sites and included both pathologically normal and abnormal states. Our results provide comprehensive molecular-based analysis of the microbiota of the human small intestine. Comparison of clone libraries reveals statistically significant differences between the microbiotas of CD and UC patients and those of non-IBD controls. Significantly, our results indicate that a subset of CD and UC samples contained abnormal GI microbiotas, characterized by depletion of commensal bacteria, notably members of the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Patient stratification by GI microbiota provides further evidence that CD represents a spectrum of disease states and suggests that treatment of some forms of IBD may be facilitated by redress of the detected microbiological imbalances.Crohn's disease ͉ culture-independent microbiology ͉ ulcerative colitis ͉ rRNA

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mentioning

confidence: 96%

Molecular-phylogenetic characterization of microbial community imbalances in human inflammatory bowel diseases

Frank

Amand

Feldman

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

4,005

193

2,968

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…47) IBD have shown a decrease in faecal bifidobacterium and lactobacillus in patients with active diseases. 50) Increased concentrations of enterbacteriaceae and bacteroides species adhere to the mucosa of patients with IBD and invade the mucosa. 51) Prebiotics administration can help restore microbial homoeostasis in the gut, down-regulate intestinal inflammation, and ameliorate the disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lactosucrose attenuates intestinal inflammation by promoting Th2 cytokine production and enhancing CD86 expression in colitic rats

Zhou

Ruan

Zhou

et al. 2015

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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Some oligosaccharides have immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory functions in the intestine. This study investigated the immunoregulatory effect of lactosucrose (LS) on 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitic rats. Alkaline phosphatase activity was increased but myeloperoxidase activity was decreased in the LS-TNBS group, as compared with the TNBS group (colitis rats without receiving LS). LS supplementation stimulated IL-4 and IL-10 production, while up-regulating CD86 expression in dendritic cells. LS supplementation reduced the ratio of CD80/CD86 and the ratio of IFN-γ/IL-4 compared to the TNBS group. Moreover, IFN-γ was significantly correlated with CD80 (r = 0.764, p < 0.01), whereas IL-4 was significantly correlated with CD86 (r = 0.489, p < 0.05). These results indicated that LS attenuated colitis by promoting the production of Th2-type cytokines and rebalancing the ratio of Th1/Th2 and that enhanced IL-4 production is correlated with enhanced CD86 expression in the gut. Therefore, LS is a functional food for patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

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“…However, contradictory evidence was provided by a study that, using a semiquantitative bacteriologic analysis method, found that Bacteroides spp. was not significantly altered in patients with ulcerative colitis compared with that in healthy patients or those suffering from Crohn's disease (48). The genus Bacteroides represents about onethird of the isolates from human fecal samples, and most healthy human adults harbor higher levels of B. vulgatus than of B. distasonis (49).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration of Vβ Usage and Cytokine Production of CD4+ TCR ββ Homodimer T Cells by Elimination of Bacteroides vulgatus Prevents Colitis in TCR α-Chain-Deficient Mice

Kishi

Takahashi

Kai

et al. 2000

The Journal of Immunology

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A major pathogenic factor for the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is the breakdown of the intestinal homeostasis between the host immune system and the luminal microenvironment. To assess the potential influence of luminal Ags on the development of IBD, we fed TCR α−/− mice an elemental diet (ED). ED-fed TCR α−/− mice showed no pathologic features of IBD, and their aberrant mucosal B cell responses were suppressed. Similar numbers of CD4+, TCR ββ homodimer T cells (ββ T cells) were developed in the colonic mucosa of ED-fed mice; however, Th2-type cytokine productions were lower than those seen in diseased regular diet (RD)-fed mice. The higher cytokine production in diseased RD-fed mice could be attributed to the high incidence of Bacteroides vulgatus (recovered in 80% of these mice), which can induce Th2-type responses of colonic CD4+, ββ T cells. In contrast, ED-fed TCR α−/− mice exhibited a diversification of Vβ usage of ββT cell populations from the dominant Vβ8 one associated with B. vulgatus in cecal flora to Vβ6, Vβ11, and Vβ14. Rectal administration of disease-free ED-fed mice with B. vulgatus resulted in the development of Th2-type CD4+, ββ T cell-induced colitis. These findings suggest that the ED-induced alteration of intestinal microenvironments such as the enteric flora prevented the development of IBD in TCR α−/− mice via the immunologic quiescence of CD4+, ββ T cells.

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The assessment of faecal flora in patients with inflammatory bowel disease by a simplified bacteriological technique

Cited by 135 publications

References 14 publications

Molecular-phylogenetic characterization of microbial community imbalances in human inflammatory bowel diseases

Molecular-phylogenetic characterization of microbial community imbalances in human inflammatory bowel diseases

Lactosucrose attenuates intestinal inflammation by promoting Th2 cytokine production and enhancing CD86 expression in colitic rats

Alteration of Vβ Usage and Cytokine Production of CD4+ TCR ββ Homodimer T Cells by Elimination of Bacteroides vulgatus Prevents Colitis in TCR α-Chain-Deficient Mice

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