The Assessment of Fire Suppression Capability for the Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate Dry Powder of Commercial Fire Extinguishers

Su, ChungHwei; Chen, Chiao-Chicy; Liaw, Horng‐Jang; Wang, ShiuanCheng

doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2014.10.459

Cited by 48 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Therefore, it can be inferred that the introduction of additives and the modified process did accelerate decomposition. The first peak may correspond to the initial decomposition of NH 4 H 2 PO 4

{NH}_{4} H_{2} {PO}_{4} \to H_{3} {PO}_{4} + {2NH}_{3} ↑

The later four steps of the three sample powders were similar.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…The ABC dry powder fire‐extinguishing agent, which has many applications, as well as stifling and cooling effects, can be applied to extinguish solid, liquid, and gas fires . The ABC‐type dry powder fire extinguisher suppresses the free radicals in a chain reaction and extinguishes a fire quickly . Therefore, in the present study, NH 4 H 2 PO 4 , the main component of ABC dry powder, was employed as the main ingredient.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…19 The ABC-type dry powder fire extinguisher suppresses the free radicals in a chain reaction and extinguishes a fire quickly. 20…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fire suppression performance of a new type of composite superfine dry powder

et al. 2019

Fire and Materials

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Summary To enhance the performance of existing dry powders and ensure process security, a new type of dry powder based on ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH4H2PO4) was prepared. The prepared composite superfine dry powder was denoted as NH4H2PO4/zeolite composite in this paper. The effectiveness of commercial ABC dry powder, superfine dry powder, and the NH4H2PO4/zeolite composite in fire suppression were compared in a small‐sized fire‐extinguishing chamber. Laboratory‐scale tests showed that the NH4H2PO4/zeolite composite had considerably superior fire‐extinguishing efficiency to that of commercial ABC dry powder and superfine dry powder, along with shorter average extinguishing time and less average mass of powders consumed. In addition, the NH4H2PO4/zeolite composite also displayed much improved toxic gas suppression ability. The physical and chemical characteristics of commercial ABC dry powder, superfine dry powder, and the NH4H2PO4/zeolite composite were characterized using a range of techniques of laser particle size analysis, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. Based on the analysis results, the improved fire suppression performance of the NH4H2PO4/zeolite composite can be ascribed to smaller particle size, larger surface area, and a special chemical decomposition process.

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{NH}_{4} H_{2} {PO}_{4} \to H_{3} {PO}_{4} + {2NH}_{3} ↑

The later four steps of the three sample powders were similar.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fire suppression performance of a new type of composite superfine dry powder

et al. 2019

Fire and Materials

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“…This remaining NH 3 can reduce Cu 2 O in the quenching and annealing processes as will be mentioned below. [19][20][21] As a result, the Cu + concentration decreases and the Cu 2+ concentration increases due to the oxidation from Cu + to Cu 2+ (reaction (1)) in the melting process. In the 60P 2 O 5 -35ZnO-5Al 2 O 3 -8MnO-0.10Cu 2 O glass melted in atmospheric air at T = 1300°C and t = 45 minutes, although some of Cu 2 O (Cu + ) are oxidized to CuO (Cu 2+ ), the maximum Cu + concentration is obtained.…”

Section: Effect Of Cu 2 O Addition On Redox Of Cumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has already been reported that Cu 2 O and CuO are reduced by NH 3 above 400°C, and therefore the reducing agent is considered to be the dissolved NH 3 , which was produced by pyrolysis of the raw material, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate. [19][20][21] This pyrolysis is shown as follows:…”

Section: Effect Of Melting Condition On Redox Of Coppermentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Mn²⁺‐Cu⁺ co‐doped P₂O₅–ZnO–Al₂O₃ glasses and their red fluorescence properties

et al. 2019

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To make a Mn 2+ -doped red glass phosphor that can be excited with ultraviolet (UV) light of light-emitting diodes (LEDs), 60P 2 O 5 -35ZnO-5Al 2 O 3 -8MnO-xCu 2 O glasses (x = 0-1.00) were prepared by a melt-quenching method at 1200-1400°C for 30-180 minutes in atmospheric air, and the redox of Mn and Cu as well as fluorescence properties were investigated. The Mn 2+ ion was not reduced and oxidized in the melting, quenching, and annealing processes. The valence of Cu in the glasses changed in the order of 0, 1+, and 2+ with the increase in the amount of Cu 2 O and in the melting temperature and time. In this study, a 60P 2 O 5 -35ZnO-5Al 2 O 3 -8MnO-0.10Cu 2 O glass melted at 1250°C for 90 minutes, having the highest Cu + concentration, showed the strongest Mn 2+ red fluorescence under the UV light at 275 nm. This strong Mn 2+ red fluorescence has been caused by the energy transfer from excited Cu + ions to Mn 2+ ions.

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The fire extinguishing mechanism of ultrafine composite dry powder agent containing Mg(OH)₂

Chang

et al. 2021

Int J of Quantum Chemistry

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Compound dry powder agent containing Mg(OH)2 is an efficient substitute for halon. Magnesium hydroxide and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate play an important role in chemical fire extinguishing substances. The reaction mechanism and thermal decomposition products of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and magnesium hydroxide simulated by both molecule and cluster model were theoretically studied. Dense functional theory (DFT) was used to optimize the structure of the samples, and the reaction of the samples with free radicals H·, OH· and CH3· was calculated to prevent the combustion process. A fire extinguishing reaction mechanism that consisted of 13 elementary reactions were proposed. The most kinetically favorable mechanistic pathways in extinguishing reactions were identified. The direct reaction of Mg(OH)2 with H· free radical is the main pathway. Similarly, in the H3PO4 phase, the energy barrier of H3PO4 reacting with free radicals is smaller than that of self‐decomposition and the thermal decomposition of intermediates, indicating that the reaction of H3PO4 with free radicals is also the main route. In addition, the intermediate produced by the reaction will also combine with each other to form new fire extinguishing substances, which accelerates the fire extinguishing process. Therefore, the fire extinguishing effect of composite dry powder containing magnesium hydroxide is higher than the single powder extinguishing agent.

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The Assessment of Fire Suppression Capability for the Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate Dry Powder of Commercial Fire Extinguishers

Cited by 48 publications

References 9 publications

Fire suppression performance of a new type of composite superfine dry powder

Fire suppression performance of a new type of composite superfine dry powder

Preparation of Mn²⁺‐Cu⁺ co‐doped P₂O₅–ZnO–Al₂O₃ glasses and their red fluorescence properties

The fire extinguishing mechanism of ultrafine composite dry powder agent containing Mg(OH)₂

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The Assessment of Fire Suppression Capability for the Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate Dry Powder of Commercial Fire Extinguishers

Cited by 48 publications

References 9 publications

Fire suppression performance of a new type of composite superfine dry powder

Fire suppression performance of a new type of composite superfine dry powder

Preparation of Mn2+‐Cu+ co‐doped P2O5–ZnO–Al2O3 glasses and their red fluorescence properties

The fire extinguishing mechanism of ultrafine composite dry powder agent containing Mg(OH)2

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Preparation of Mn²⁺‐Cu⁺ co‐doped P₂O₅–ZnO–Al₂O₃ glasses and their red fluorescence properties

The fire extinguishing mechanism of ultrafine composite dry powder agent containing Mg(OH)₂