The assessment of fracture of the mandibular condyle by use of computerized tomography. Incidence of sagittal split fracture

Image-based diagnosis of condylar head fractures of the mandible: four case studies

“…12,[17][18][19][20] Indeed, this is illustrated by case 4 in the present study, in which the condylar fracture could not be diagnosed using conventional radiography. Therefore, we suggest that general practitioners pay attention to all symptoms and select appropriate examination methods at an early stage of diagnosis.…”

Pathological changes after the surgical creation of a vertical intracapsular condylar fracture

“…The classification, diagnosis and management of condylar fractures is controversial 5,28,30 . They may be divided into condylar head, condylar neck and subcondylar region types according to the anatomic location of the fracture 11 .…”

“…There are three types of intracapsular fracture: type A, fractures pass through the medial condylar pole; type B, fractures pass through the lateral condylar pole with loss of vertical height of the mandibular ramus; and type M, multiple fragments or comminuted fractures 20 . The complications of a condylar fracture are pain, restricted mandibular movement, muscle spasm, deviation of the mandible, malocclusion, pathological changes in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), osteonecrosis, facial asymmetry and ankylosis, irrespective of whether surgical treatment is performed or not 5,[6][7][8]11,12,21,22,[24][25][26][27][28]30 .…”

Evaluation of Fractured Condylar Head Along the Sagittal Plane: Report of Three Cases

“…However bifid condyles maybe found in patients with no history of trauma [1]. A split in the saggital plane of the condyle is not visible with a lateral, oblique or panoramic radiographs but only with anteriorposterior, transorbital projections of the temperomandibular joint [9] (Figs. 9, 10).…”

“…A study by Yamakoa et al on the assessment of fracture of the mandibular condyle by the use of computed tomography, which included 33 patients, reported the sagittal splitting of the condyle with an incidence of 9.8% [9]. These fractures have an high incidence of subsequent ankylosis and so their early identification is very important [1].…”