The assessment of lethal propeller strike injuries in sea mammals

Byard, Roger W.; Winskog, Calle; Machado, Aaron; Boardman, Wayne

doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2011.12.017

Cited by 32 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Similar changes have been previously documented in the muscles of pigs subjected to blunt trauma. 4 With time, the lesions change according to the evolution of a hemorrhagic process, Figures [13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Blunt trauma to the musculoskeletal system.…”

Section: Skeletal Musclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blunt Force Trauma in Veterinary Forensic Pathology

2016

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Veterinary pathologists commonly encounter lesions of blunt trauma. The development of lesions is affected by the object's mass, velocity, size, shape, and angle of impact and by the plasticity and mobility of the impacted organ. Scrape, impact, and pattern abrasions cause localized epidermal loss and sometimes broken hairs and implanted foreign material. Contusions are best identified after reflecting the skin, and must be differentiated from coagulopathies and livor mortis. Lacerations-traumatic tissue tears-may have irregular margins, bridging by more resilient tissue, deviation of the wound tail, crushed hairs, and unilateral abrasion. Hanging or choking can cause circumferential cervical abrasions, contusions and rupture of hairs, hyoid bone fractures, and congestion of the head. Other special forms of blunt trauma include fractured nails, pressure sores, and dog bites. Ocular blunt trauma causes extraocular and intraocular hemorrhages, proptosis, or retinal detachment. The thoracic viscera are relatively protected from blunt trauma but may develop hemorrhages in intercostal muscles, rib fractures, pulmonary or cardiac contusions or lacerations with subsequent hemothorax, pneumothorax, or cardiac arrhythmia. The abdominal wall is resilient and moveable, yet the liver and spleen are susceptible to traumatic laceration or rupture. Whereas extravasation of blood can occur after death, evidence of vital injury includes leukocyte infiltration, erythrophagocytosis, hemosiderin, reparative lesions of fibroblast proliferation, myocyte regeneration in muscle, and callus formation in bone. Understanding these processes aids in the diagnosis of blunt force trauma including estimation of the age of resulting injuries.

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Section: Skeletal Musclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blunt Force Trauma in Veterinary Forensic Pathology

2016

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. They are often characterized by multiple, parallel deep, and mostly clear-cut injuries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There was a complete decapitation concentrated at the skull cap (Figs. 3,4) and the base of the skull was crushed. The brain had been torn out of the cranial cavity.…”

Section: Autopsy Findings Fatalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Helicopter induced propeller injuries

Madea

Schmidt

Doberentz

2015

Forensic Sci Med Pathol

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Case historyFollowing routine maintenance a military helicopter was returned to service. Due to negligence some hoses had not been connected correctly. The wrongly connected hoses resulted in a malfunction, causing the rotor blades of the helicopter to smash through the windows of the helicopter cockpit. Both the pilot and the co-pilot were hit by the rotor blades and decapitated. Other passengers in the helicopter were injured. Due to vibrations the helicopter fell to the ground and its tail partly broke away (Figs. 1, 2).The bodies and body parts of the pilot and co-pilot were found on the ground outside the helicopter cockpit. Autopsy findings Fatality 1The body was that of a 35-year-old man with a body length of 170 cm after decapitation. There was a complete decapitation concentrated at the skull cap (Figs. 3, 4) and the base of the skull was crushed. The brain had been torn out of the cranial cavity. The right arm was completely amputated and there were fractures at the left forearm as well as partial amputation of the left hand. The lungs were altered by blood aspiration. There was only faint postmortem lividity due to exsanguination.The cause of death was decapitation (and amputation of the right arm). Fatality 2The body was that of a 44-year-old man with a body length of 170 cm after decapitation. Autopsy revealed complete decapitation (Fig. 5) as well as a severe laceration of the right shoulder. Both hands were amputated (Fig. 6a, b). Multiple injuries resulted in exsanguination with subsequent faint postmortem lividity. The lungs exhibited blood inhalation. No indications for pre-existing diseases were found. The cause of death was decapitation.During the days following the crash further body parts (for example bone fragments from both skulls, fingers, parts of hands, and brains) originating from the killed pilot and the co-pilot were handed in for postmortem examination.

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“…Assessment of injuries in marine mammals may be required to help authorities determine whether human activity was involved (Byard et al, 2012).…”

Section: Congenital Anomaliesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synopsis on the Most Common Pathologies of Dolphins

Eissa¹,

Abu‐Seida²

2015

J. of Fisheries and Aquatic Science

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Dolphins are one of the most iconic species of the marine world. With their playful nature and high intelligence, dolphins have enthralled the hearts of people of all ages from all over the world. The worldwide distribution of dolphins through the diverse global aquatic environments has gifted them with global popularity compared to other aquatic animals in direct contact with the human communities. In the past few decades, deaths, injuries, toxicities, genetic disorders and overfishing were continuously increasing due to faulty anthropogenic activities in th marine environment. The increasing global threats to dolphins' populations have remarkably enhanced the public awareness about these threats and triggered scientific communities to configure reliable/effective solutions. Combating trans-species infectious diseases and development of reliable, safe and cheaper diagnostic as well as therapeutic tools for tissue alterations were the infrastructure of dolphins' veterinary research through the past few decades. However, the veterinary library is suffering from remarkable scarcity of comprehensive literatures about diseases/disorders affecting different body systems of marine mammals. Thus, we present the current review in trial to shed the light on the most common affections of dolphins as a model of the most critically impacted marine mammals.

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The assessment of lethal propeller strike injuries in sea mammals

Cited by 32 publications

References 13 publications

Blunt Force Trauma in Veterinary Forensic Pathology

Blunt Force Trauma in Veterinary Forensic Pathology

Helicopter induced propeller injuries

Synopsis on the Most Common Pathologies of Dolphins

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