The assessment of melamine and cyanuric acid residues in eggs from laying hens exposed to contaminated feed

Novák, Pavel; Suchý, Pavel; Straková, Eva; Veterinary, Vlčáková, M., State; Germuska, R.

doi:10.2754/avb201281020163

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Suchy et al (2014) reported that in laying hens not only melamine was stored in their tissues, but it was also biotransformed into cyanuric acid which had not been confirmed in poultry before. The experimental administration of melamine contaminated diets to laying hens also resulted in the excretion of some part of melamine into eggs (Bai et al 2010;Novak et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of melamine and cyanurid acid contaminated diets on blood indicators in broiler chickens

Straková¹,

Karásková²,

Zapletal³

et al. 2014

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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ABSTRACT:The effect of melamine and cyanuric acid contaminated diets on basic haematological and biochemical blood indicators in male broiler chickens (Ross 308) was studied. The chickens were divided into 6 experimental groups (30 birds per group) and fed diets with an addition of 50 or 100 mg of melamine or 50 or 100 mg of cyanuric acid per kg of feed, with the contaminants added separately (either melamine or cyanuric acid) or in combination (melamine + cyanuric acid). The control group (C) was fed a diet without melamine or cyanuric acid. At the end of the experiment (day 40), 8 birds per treatment group were randomly selected for haematological and biochemical examination of blood. Red blood cell count, haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit value, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean cell volume, and total leukocyte count did not differ significantly among the respective groups of broiler chickens (P > 0.05). The concentrations of melamine and cyanuric acid used in the contaminated diet for broiler chickens led to highly significant changes in the content of total protein (TP), glucose (Glu), Ca, P, Na, and K (P < 0.01) and to significant changes in the content of Mg (P < 0.05) in their blood plasma. In comparison to the C group, the decrease in the content of TP, Glu, Ca, P, Na, K, and Mg in blood plasma was most pronounced in broilers fed the diets contaminated with cyanuric acid only or diets with the simultaneous contamination with melamine and cyanuric acid. On the basis of our results, it can be concluded that the contamination of feed with melamine and cyanuric acid, separately or in combination, results in impaired renal function and probably also in partial liver damage.Keywords: poultry; feed; level of contaminants; haematological indicators; biochemical indicators; toxicity List of abbreviations: AST = aspartate aminotransferase, Chol = cholesterol, Er = total red blood cell count, Glu = glucose, Hb = haemoglobin concentration, Ht = haematocrit value, Leu = total leukocyte count, MCH = mean corpuscular haemoglobin, MCHC = mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, MCV = mean cell volume, TP = total protein, UA = uric acid

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of melamine and cyanurid acid contaminated diets on blood indicators in broiler chickens

Straková¹,

Karásková²,

Zapletal³

et al. 2014

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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“…The degradation of amoxicillin and tetracycline was reported by this technique (Novak et al 2012;Safari et al 2015;Wang and Jian 2015). In the case of amoxicillin, the sulfate radicals are produced using ultrasound-activated oxone in the presence of cobalt ion.…”

Section: Addition Of Radical Promotermentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The COD removal enhanced with the addition of oxone and Co 2? and also with the applied power of ultrasound to an optimum power of 300 W. The removal of this kind of pollutants using sulfate radical anion in the presence of ultrasound is thus encouraging (Novak et al 2012).…”

Section: Addition Of Radical Promotermentioning

confidence: 98%

Degradation of pharmaceuticals by ultrasound-based advanced oxidation process

2016

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Water pollution by pharmaceutically active compounds is an emerging issue. Toxicological studies reveal that pharmaceuticals are indeed toxic for living organisms. The lack of suitable treatment technology for the complete removal of pharmaceuticals is therefore a major challenge. Advanced oxidation processes are emerging removal techniques that have many advantages versus conventional technologies. Many studies indicate that advanced oxidation processes, either in single or in combination with other degradation techniques, can enhance the degradation of pharmaceuticals in aqueous solutions. Here, we review the degradation of pharmaceuticals by sonolysis, an oxidation processes using ultrasound. In this technique, hydroxyl radicals are generated by pyrolytic cleavage of water molecules. We review the influence of operational parameters, additives and hybrid techniques on the degradation of pharmaceuticals. The maximum degradation of organic compounds was observed in the frequency range of 100-1000 kHz, which is in the high-frequency medium-power ultrasound. Even though almost all the experiments presented more than 90 % removal and good biodegradability of the target compound, good mineralization and the toxicity removal were hardly achieved. The efficiency of the degradation varies with water matrixes and varying pH. Major pathways of degradation are hydroxylation, dehalogenation, demethylation, decarboxylation, deamination, etc. More hybrid techniques have to be developed to scale up the application of ultrasound.

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“…When melamine is present in feed, it can be transferred into eggs, at a carry-over rate of approx. 0.5-1.5% (Gallo, Bertuzzi et al 2012, Novak, Suchy et al 2012, Lorenz, Fry et al 2014. Melamine might also enter the egg production chain at the egg processing stage as a result of its illegal addition to food products in order to boost their protein content or as a contact material.…”

Section: Melamine Received Considerable Public Attention After the Pementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Melamine might also enter the egg production chain at the egg processing stage as a result of its illegal addition to food products in order to boost their protein content or as a contact material. Melamine is converted to cyanuric acid, which is deposited in eggs at a similar concentration as melamine (Novak, Suchy et al 2012).…”

Section: Melamine Received Considerable Public Attention After the Pementioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical amd physical hazards in the egg production chain in the Netherlands

Fels‐Klerx¹,

Asselt

Pikkemaat³

et al. 2017

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Material and methods 2.1 Literature study 2.2 Monitoring data 3 The egg production chain 3.1 Chain structure in the Netherlands 3.1.1 Hatchery and rearing 3.1.2 Layer farms 3.1.3 Egg production by laying hens 3.1.4 Primary processing 3.1.5 Further processing of egg products 3.2 Production figures 3.2.1 Farms and companies 3.2.2 Egg and egg products 4 Chemical and physical hazards 4.1 Chemical hazards 4.1.1 Layer farms 4.1.2 Primary processing 4.1.3 Egg processing 4.2 Physical hazards 4.3 Most relevant chemical and physical hazards 5 Human health implications 5.1 Toxicity of dioxins 5.1.1 Acute/short-term toxicity 5.1.2 Chronic toxicity and health based guidance values 5.2 Exposure to dioxins 5.3 Burden of disease 6 Prevention and control 6.1 Entire egg production chain 6.2 Layer farms 6.3 Processing 7 Trends and forecasts 7.1 Animal husbandry systems 7.2 Feed management and import 7.3 Egg consumption 7.4 Export and import of eggs and egg products 7.4.1 Export of egg and egg products 7.4.2 Import of egg and egg products 8 Conclusion References Annex 1

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The assessment of melamine and cyanuric acid residues in eggs from laying hens exposed to contaminated feed

Cited by 6 publications

References 6 publications

Effect of melamine and cyanurid acid contaminated diets on blood indicators in broiler chickens

Effect of melamine and cyanurid acid contaminated diets on blood indicators in broiler chickens

Degradation of pharmaceuticals by ultrasound-based advanced oxidation process

Chemical amd physical hazards in the egg production chain in the Netherlands

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