The associated risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus among adults: a cross-sectional study using electronic medical records in the Primary Health Care Corporation, Qatar

Abstract

Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has a high prevalence in Qatar, necessitating a thorough understanding of its risk factors. This study explored the associations between specific risk factors and T2DM among adults attending Primary Health Care Corporation (PHCC) centers in Qatar. Methods Employing a cross-sectional study design, data were extracted from the electronic medical records of individuals aged 18 years and older who visited the PHCC health centers during the year 2017. Data analysis was performed using univariate and multiple regression models. Results The study included 127,941 participants, 33% of whom were diagnosed with T2DM. Age was the most significant risk factor, with individuals aged 60 years and older having an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 7.53, and those aged 40–59 years having an aOR of 3.55. Sex was also found to influence T2DM risk, as males had an aOR of 1.47. Nationality also played a role, as individuals of southern Asian descent exhibited an increased risk of T2DM, with an aOR of 2.40, while Qataris had an aOR of 1.55. Having high blood pressure was associated with more than doubling the risk of developing T2DM. Conclusion This study provides essential epidemiological insights that can inform decision-making related to T2DM in Qatar. Our findings highlight that males over the age of 40, particularly those of South Asian descent with high blood pressure are at increased risk of T2DM. Identifying the major risk factors is essential for the prevention and management of T2DM.