The association among calorie, macronutrient, and micronutrient intake with colorectal cancer: A case–control study

Abstract

The risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) can be influenced by dietary components. This study aims to investigate the association between dietary intake and CRC in Iranian adults. This hospital‐based case–control study was performed on 160 patients with CRC and 320 healthy people. General and pathological data were collected through face‐to‐face interviews. A validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess the intake of calories, macronutrients, and micronutrients. The case group had a significantly higher intake of calories, carbohydrates, vitamin A, vitamin K, fluoride, and molybdenum and a lower intake of vitamin E, vitamin B1, beta carotene, biotin, folate, magnesium, selenium, manganese, and fiber (all p < .001). CRC was positively associated with the intake of carbohydrate (OR: 1.01, CI% 1.03–1.01, p = .001), and vitamin A (OR: 1.009, CI 95% 1.006–1.01, p = .001) and negatively associated with intake of fiber (OR: 0.67, CI 95% 0.59–0.76, p = .001), beta carotene (OR: 0.99, CI 95% 0.99–0.99, p = .001), vitamin E (OR: 0.27, CI 95% 0.15–0.47, p = .001), folate (OR: 0.98 CI 95% 0.97–0.98, p = .001), and biotin (OR: 0.83, CI 95% 0.77–0.90, p = .001). The associations remained significant after adjusting for age and sex. Further adjustments for physical activity, alcohol consumption, and smoking did not change the results. The results identified that the risk of colorectal cancer can be influenced by dietary intake. Further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these findings and to identify the underlying mechanisms of the effects of dietary components on the risk of colorectal cancer.

Diet-Wide Association, Genetic Susceptibility and Colorectal Cancer Risk: A Prospective Cohort Study

“…There are few observational studies on manganese and CRC. The results of the case-control study found that manganese intake in CRC cases was lower than that in the control group, but no significant inverse association was found [30]. Animal experiments showed that tumor growth and metastasis were significantly enhanced in mice with manganese deficiency and tumor infiltration of CD8+ T cells was significantly reduced [31].…”

On the antitumour effects of B vitamins

“…Риск колоректального рака был отрицательно связан с приемом фолиевой кислоты (ОШ 0,98; 95% ДИ 0,97-0,98; р=0,001) и биотина (ОШ 0,83; 95% ДИ 0,77-0,90; р=0,001). Ассоциации оставались значимыми после поправки на возраст, пол, физическую активность, потребление алкоголя и курение [43].…”

Associations between diet and nutritional supplements and colorectal cancer: A systematic review

“…However, conflicting findings have been reported in other studies. 7 Poor nutrition is well recognized as a significant contributing factor to mortality resulting from CRC. 8 Therefore, dietary modification may reduce cancer severity.…”

“…Several studies have been conducted to investigate the association between dietary patterns and the risk of developing CRC. 6 , 7 , 9 Several epidemiological studies have demonstrated the preventative properties of n‐3 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐3 LCPUFAs) such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in relation to CRC. However, the impact of n‐3 LCPUFAs on CRC has been inconclusive.…”