The association between cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiovascular risk may be modulated by known cardiovascular risk factors

Erez, Aharon; Kivity, Shaye; Berkovitch, Anat; Milwidsky, Assi; Klempfner, Robert; Segev, Shlomo; Goldenberg, Ilan; Sidi, Yechezkel; Maor, Elad

doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2015.02.023

Cited by 29 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…41 Findings observed in recent studies suggest that the association between low PA/fitness levels and CHD risk is attenuated after adjustment for prevalent traditional cardiovascular risk factors. 42,43 In contrast, the relationship of low PA/fitness levels is independent of interval development of these risk factors and is more likely related to direct effects of PA/fitness on cardiac structure and function. [44][45][46][47][48] Noncardiac mechanisms may also contribute to the observed inverse dose-dependent association between PA and HF risk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Dose–Response Relationship Between Physical Activity and Risk of Heart Failure

et al. 2015

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Background-Prior studies have reported an inverse association between physical activity (PA) and risk of heart failure (HF). However, a comprehensive assessment of the quantitative dose-response association between PA and HF risk has not been reported previously. Methods and Results-Prospective cohort studies with participants >18 years of age that reported association of baseline PA levels and incident HF were included. Categorical dose-response relationships between PA and HF risk were assessed with random-effects models. Generalized least-squares regression models were used to assess the quantitative relationship between PA (metabolic equivalent [

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Dose–Response Relationship Between Physical Activity and Risk of Heart Failure

et al. 2015

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“…In a middle-aged healthy population, low fitness was associated with a higher burden of cardio-metabolic risk factors such as diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and obesity. 18 A long duration of diabetes, for example, may be complicated with cardiac autonomic neuropathy which impairs autonomic control of the cardiovascular system, resulting in abnormal heart rate and blood-pressure response to exercise. 15 However, the protective effects of exercise on cardiovascular disease are probably beyond the modification of traditional risk factors.…”

Section: Barak Zafrirmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prognostic value of exercise testing: Exercise capacity, hemodynamic response, and cardio-metabolic risk factors

Zafrir

2017

Eur J Prev Cardiolog

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Treadmill exercise testing is widely available and has been used for more than half a century for the evaluation of exercise related symptoms and assessment of myocardial ischemia. Over the years, additional use and goals for exercise testing have been evolved, including exercise prescription, evaluation of physical capacity and effort tolerance, as well as assessment of arrhythmias, chronotropic competence, and therapeutic response to medications and implanted device interventions.1 With time, it became apparent, that apart from the diagnostic value of the exercise electrocardiogram (ECG) for identification of coronary artery disease and assessment of its severity, aerobic exercise capacity has significant prognostic importance and may aid in the assessment of future cardiovascular risk. The association between low exercise capacity and reduced long-term survival was shown to be independent of traditional risk factors.2 A single measurement of fitness significantly improves classification of both short-term and long-term (25-year) risk for cardiovascular disease mortality when added to traditional risk factors.3 In a meta-analysis of 33 eligible studies of healthy populations a higher level of maximal aerobic capacity amounting to one metabolic equivalent (MET) increase was associated with a 13% risk reduction in all-cause mortality.

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“…The test was interrupted when the female participants reported maximal fatigue. The maximal exertion was determined as achieving ≥85% age-reported maximal heart rate (HRmax) 14 . Moreover, the Borg scale was used to quantify the sensation of shortness of breath during effort and at rest 15 .…”

Section: Measures and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of a pilates-aerobic program on maximum exercise capacity of adult women

Mikalački

Čokorilo

Ruíz-Montero

2017

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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Introduction: Physical exercise such as the Pilates method offers clinical benefits on the aging process. Likewise, physiologic parameters may be improved through aerobic exercise. Methods: In order to compare the differences of a Pilates-Aerobic intervention program on physiologic parameters such as the maximum heart rate (HRmax), relative maximal oxygen consumption (relative VO2max) and absolute (absolute VOmax), maximum heart rate during maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max-HRmax), maximum minute volume (VE) and forced vital capacity (FVC), a total of 64 adult women (active group = 48.1 ± 6.7 years; control group = 47.2 ± 7.4 years) participated in the study. The physiological parameters, the maximal speed and total duration of test were measured by maximum exercise capacity testing through Bruce protocol. The HRmax was calculated by a cardio-ergometric software. Pulmonary function tests, maximal speed and total time during the physical test were performed in a treadmill (Medisoft, model 870c). Likewise, the spirometry analyzed the impact on oxygen uptake parameters, including FVC and VE. Results: The VO2max (relative and absolute), VE (all, P<0.001), VO2max-HRmax (P<0.05) and maximal speed of treadmill test (P<0.001) showed significant difference in the active group after a physical exercise interventional program. Conclusion: The present study indicates that the Pilates exercises through a continuous training program might significantly improve the cardiovascular system. Hence, mixing strength and aerobic exercises into a training program is considered the optimal mechanism for healthy aging.

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The association between cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiovascular risk may be modulated by known cardiovascular risk factors

Cited by 29 publications

References 38 publications

Dose–Response Relationship Between Physical Activity and Risk of Heart Failure

Dose–Response Relationship Between Physical Activity and Risk of Heart Failure

The prognostic value of exercise testing: Exercise capacity, hemodynamic response, and cardio-metabolic risk factors

The effects of a pilates-aerobic program on maximum exercise capacity of adult women

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