The association between childhood trauma and lifetime suicide attempts among a sample of male prisoners: A pilot observational study

Capuzzi, Enrico; Caldiroli, Alice; Besana, Filippo; Tagliabue, Ilaria; Capellazzi, Martina; Cova, F.; Rubelli, Paola; Sergio, Maria Ripalta; Truisi, Emanuele; Buoli, Massimiliano; Clerici, Massimo

doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2021.102180

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Taken as a whole, the results of the present study indicate that, if patients with APD were early intercepted by psychiatric services, they would benefit from a less risk of incarceration. These results therefore support the implementation of primary prevention in order to give these subjects an early treatment (Capuzzi et al, 2021). Future research will have to confirm these data on larger samples, but, above all, focus on effective management strategies for these patients, possibly with the elaboration of internationally recognized guidelines (Simonsen et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Which Clinical and Demographic Factors are Related to Incarceration in Male Patients With Antisocial Personality Disorder?

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et al. 2022

Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol

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Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD) is a condition largely represented in detention centers where can reach a prevalence of 60% in male prisoners. The objective of this study is to identify the clinical and demographic factors that differentiate subjects with APD and hosted in penitentiary with respect to those are treated in outpatient psychiatric clinics. We recruited 65 male patients affected by APD, whose 26 were followed up in community mental health services and 39 were serving their sentence in a detention center located in Monza. Socio-demographic and clinical data were obtained through a review of the clinical charts, and interviews with patients or their relatives (if available). We performed descriptive analyses on the total sample, then we compared the two groups identified by the type of setting (outpatient clinic vs. penitentiary) by independent sample t tests (quantitative variables) or χ2 tests (qualitative ones). For qualitative variables odds ratios ( ORs) were also calculated. Outpatients with APD (with respect to those hosted in the detention center) resulted: to be older ( p = .02), to be less likely married ( p = .01), to have more pre-onset psychiatric comorbidity ( p = .05), to have more pre-onset substance poly-misuse ( p = .01), to have more previous psychiatric hospitalizations ( p < .01), and to be less likely to have received lifetime psychotherapy ( p < .01). Globally, the results of this study show how the presence of psychiatric comorbidity or substance abuse (with the probable access to psychiatric services) before the onset of APD prevents imprisonment. This aspect is even more surprising when we consider that the two groups of patients show no differences in the frequency of crimes. Future research will have to confirm if early mental health care can really limit the access to penitentiary of subjects affected by APD.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Which Clinical and Demographic Factors are Related to Incarceration in Male Patients With Antisocial Personality Disorder?

Esposito

Ceresa

Auxilia

et al. 2022

Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol

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“…In addition, our results highlighted that recent manic episodes may have an important role in conferring vulnerability to suicide attempts in bipolar patients. Even though most studies reported a higher likelihood of suicide attempts during current depressive and mixed states [ 13 , 20 ], some authors argued a possible association of self-harm with manic episodes with mixed features [ 53 ]. In addition, a relationship between lifetime suicide attempts and antidepressant-induced mania has been reported [ 54 ], which, together with a high number of depressive episodes, early age at onset, and comorbid substance-use disorder, could identify a subgroup of bipolar patients with a high suicide risk [ 55 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of note, the available literature points out that different biological factors predispose a person to attempted suicide including epigenetic modifications [ 5 ] and abnormalities in lipid metabolism [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ], inflammation [ 10 ], monoamine neurotransmission [ 11 ], and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis [ 12 ]. On the other hand, suicide and the related biological changes may be triggered by proximal (e.g., the onset of a psychiatric disorder) or distal events such as childhood trauma [ 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Which Clinical and Biochemical Parameters Are Associated with Lifetime Suicide Attempts in Bipolar Disorder?

et al. 2022

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Introduction: Bipolar Disorder (BD) is a disabling condition with suicidal behavior as one of the most common adverse outcomes. The purpose of the present research is to investigate the relationship between lifetime suicide attempts and the clinical factors/biochemical parameters in a large sample of bipolar patients. Methods: A total of 561 patients, consecutively hospitalized for BD in Milan and Monza (Italy), were recruited. Data about the demographic and clinical variables, as well as the values of blood analyses, were collected. The groups identified according to the presence/absence of lifetime suicide attempts were compared using univariate analyses. Then, three preliminary binary logistic regressions and a final logistic regression model were performed to identify the clinical and biochemical parameters associated with lifetime suicide attempts in BD. Results: Lifetime suicide attempts in BD were predicted by a longer duration of untreated illness (DUI) (p = 0.005), absence of lifetime psychotic symptoms (p = 0.025), presence of poly-substance use disorders (p = 0.033), comorbidity with obesity (p = 0.022), a last mood episode of manic polarity (p = 0.044), and lower bilirubin serum levels (p = 0.002); higher total cholesterol serum levels showed a trend toward statistical significance (p = 0.058). Conclusions: BD patients with lifetime suicide attempts present unfavorable clinical features. Some specific biochemical characteristics of bipolar patients may represent potential markers of suicidal behavior and need to be better investigated to identify new targets of treatment in the framework of personalized medicine. These preliminary findings have to be confirmed by further studies in different clinical settings.

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“…Even though prevalence estimates varied substantially across studies for all types of abuse and neglect, according to a recent meta-analysis, half of people in prisons may have experienced some trauma in childhood [ 19 ]. Nevertheless, some authors elaborated on the theory of the “cycle of violence”, whereby children exposed to violence may present a higher risk to become violent during adulthood, as well as to present an increased risk of later suicide attempts, aggressive behaviour, and mental disorders [ 20 ]. Indeed, experiencing physical, sexual, or emotional abuse during childhood is known to have predictable immediate and distal impacts on personality development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening for ADHD Symptoms among Criminal Offenders: Exploring the Association with Clinical Features

et al. 2022

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Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a disabling disorder. High rates of ADHD have been consistently reported among prisoners. The main objectives were (1) to estimate the prevalence of ADHD symptoms in a sample of male inmates and (2) to investigate the relationship between ADHD symptoms and socio-demographic/clinical features. According to the high prevalence of childhood trauma among inmates, we assessed whether exposition to childhood trauma can be related to the presence of ADHD symptoms. Methods: A total of 159 male prisoners admitted to Monza prison between January 2020 and June 2021 were included. Both Wender Utah ADHD rating scale and adult ADHD self-report scale were administered to assess ADHD symptoms. Moreover, inmates completed the childhood trauma questionnaire. Results: Data were available for 108 inmates. Thirty-five prisoners (32.4%) were found on screening to meet the criteria for symptoms of ADHD. Cocaine use disorder, prescription of mood stabilizers and a history of emotional abuse significantly increased the likelihood of having clinically significant ADHD symptoms. Furthermore, patients who experienced physical neglect resulted in meeting the criteria for ADHD symptoms. Conclusions: ADHD symptoms are widespread among inmates and are associated with specific risk factors. Screening for ADHD should be done to provide appropriate intervention strategies.

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The association between childhood trauma and lifetime suicide attempts among a sample of male prisoners: A pilot observational study

Cited by 14 publications

References 35 publications

Which Clinical and Demographic Factors are Related to Incarceration in Male Patients With Antisocial Personality Disorder?

Which Clinical and Demographic Factors are Related to Incarceration in Male Patients With Antisocial Personality Disorder?

Which Clinical and Biochemical Parameters Are Associated with Lifetime Suicide Attempts in Bipolar Disorder?

Screening for ADHD Symptoms among Criminal Offenders: Exploring the Association with Clinical Features

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