The Association Between Cigarette Smoking and Ocular Diseases

Solberg, Yoram; Rosner, Mordechai; Belkin, Michael

doi:10.1016/s0039-6257(98)00002-2

Cited by 319 publications

(225 citation statements)

References 135 publications

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“…1 AMD is the principal cause of blindness in developed countries. It is the commonest cause for blind registration in the UK, where there are approximately 214 000 (95% confidence interval (CI): 151 000-310 000) individuals with impaired vision secondary to AMD, 2 and an estimated 54 000 people with visual impairment and almost 18 000 with blindness caused by AMD related to smoking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptions of blindness related to smoking: a hospital-based cross-sectional study

Bidwell

Sahu

Edwards

et al. 2005

Eye

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Aims Smoking is associated with several serious eye diseases. Awareness of smoking and blindness, and its potential to act, as a stimulus to assist stopping smoking has not been investigated. Methods A cross-sectional survey using a structured interview of adult patients attending district general hospital ophthalmology, general surgery, and orthopaedic clinics. The interview investigated the awareness and fear of blindness for three established smokingrelated diseases, and a distractor condition (deafness), and the likelihood that smokers would quit on developing early signs of each condition. Results Response was 89.1% (358/402). In all, 183 (51.1%) of responders were male and 175 (48.9%) female. Only 9.5% of patients believed that smoking was definitely or probably a cause of blindness, compared with 92.2% for lung cancer, 87.6% for heart disease, and 70.6% for stroke. Patients ranked their fear of each of the five conditions, scoring five for the most feared and one for the least feared. Patients were significantly (Po0.01) less fearful of blindness (mean score 2.80) than lung cancer (3.89), heart disease (3.58), and stroke (3.35). About one-half of smokers stated that they would definitely or probably quit smoking if they developed early signs of blindness or the three established smokingrelated conditions, with no significant differences in proportions for these four conditions. Conclusion The findings suggest that awareness of the risk of blindness from smoking is low, but that the fear of blindness is as compelling a motivation to quit as fear of lung cancer, heart disease, and stroke. The link between smoking and eye disease should be publicised to help reduce smoking prevalence. Eye (2005) 19, 945-948.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptions of blindness related to smoking: a hospital-based cross-sectional study

Bidwell

Sahu

Edwards

et al. 2005

Eye

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“…Toxic compounds in tobacco smoke also affect ocular tissues, mainly through ischaemic or oxidative mechanisms (Solberg et al 1998). Some common eye diseases, such as cataract (Congdon 2001), agerelated macular degeneration (AgeRelated Eye Disease Study Research Group 2000; McCarty et al 2001), retinal vein occlusion (Klein et al 2000), anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (Chung et al 1994), thyroid ophthalmopathy (Shine et al 1990), and primary open-angle glaucoma (Wilson et al 1987;Wu & Leske 1997) have been found to be associated with cigarette smoking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because the effects of smoking on ocular diseases are significantly dose-dependent, risks and morbidity increase in parallel with the increase in smoking index (Solberg et al 1998). In this study, we investigated whether moderate cigarette smoking has any effects on the central visual field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of moderate smoking on the central visual field

Akarsu

Yazıcı

Taner

et al. 2004

Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica

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ABSTRACT.Purpose: To investigate whether moderate cigarette smoking has any effects on the central visual field. Methods: This study included 30 healthy, moderate cigarette smokers (10-20 cigarettes per day for at least the past 5 years) and 22 healthy non-smokers. After two training test sessions, all individuals underwent computerized visual field examinations (Humphrey 30-2 Full Threshold Test) with both white-on-white (W-W) perimetry and blue-on-yellow (B-Y) perimetry. One eye of each subject with reliable visual field test results was evaluated. The foveal threshold, mean deviation (MD), pattern standard deviation (PSD), short-term fluctuation (SF), corrected pattern standard deviation (CPSD), glaucoma hemifield test (GHT) and number of significantly depressed points deviating at p < 5%, p < 2%, p < 1% and p < 0.5% on the pattern deviation probability map of the smokers were compared with those of the non-smokers. Results: When the results of W-W perimetry were analysed, the smokers were found to have significantly lower foveal thresholds (p ¼ 0.001) and mean retinal sensitivity (p ¼ 0.02), and higher PSD (p ¼ 0.002) and CPSD (p ¼ 0.01) than the non-smokers. Short-term fluctuation was similar in both groups (p ¼ 0.55). The number of significantly depressed points deviating at p < 5%, p < 2% and p < 1% on the pattern deviation probability map was similar for both groups (p > 0.05). The number of depressed points deviating at p < 0.5% on the pattern deviation probability map was higher for the smokers than for the non-smokers (p ¼ 0.03). The results of B-Y perimetry showed the smokers to have a significantly lower foveal threshold than the non-smokers (p ¼ 0.03). However, there were no significant differences in the global indices of the two groups (p > 0.05). The number of significantly depressed points deviating at p < 5%, p < 2%, p < 1% and p < 0.5% on the pattern deviation probability map was similar in both groups (p > 0.05). No significant difference in GHT was determined with either perimetry for the smokers compared with the non-smokers (p > 0.05). Conclusion: This study suggests that moderate cigarette smoking is associated with both diffuse and localized reductions in retinal sensitivity with W-W perimetry. Only reduction in the foveal threshold was observed with B-Y perimetry, with no hints of diffuse and localized reductions.

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“…10 Cigarette smoking is a major source of oxidative stress and has unequivocally been established as the single greatest environmental risk factor in the onset and development of AMD. [11][12][13][14] It has been suggested that cigarette smoking might contribute to the pathogenesis of AMD by causing oxidative damage to the RPE. 15 Tar within cigarette smoke contains a large number of pro-oxidant compounds among which hydroquinone (HQ) is the most abundant.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cigarette Smoke-Related Hydroquinone Induces Filamentous Actin Reorganization and Heat Shock Protein 27 Phosphorylation through p38 and Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2 in Retinal Pigment Epithelium

Pons

Cousins

Csaky

et al. 2010

The American Journal of Pathology

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Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-derived membranous debris named blebs, may accumulate and contribute to sub-RPE deposit formation, which is the earliest sign of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Oxidative injury to the RPE might play a significant role in AMD. However, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. We previously reported that hydroquinone (HQ), a major pro-oxidant in cigarette smoke, foodstuff, and atmospheric pollutants, induces actin rearrangement and membrane blebbing in RPE cells as well as sub-RPE deposits in mice. Here, we show for the first time that phosphorylated Heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27), a key regulator of actin filaments dynamics, is up-regulated in RPE from patients with AMD. Also, HQ-induced nonlethal oxidative injury led to Hsp27mRNA up-regulation, dimer formation , and Hsp27 phosphorylation in ARPE-19 cells. Furthermore, we found that a cross talk between p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) mediates HQ-induced Hsp27 phosphorylation and actin aggregate formation, revealing ERK as a novel upstream mediator of Hsp27 phosphorylation. Finally, we demonstrated that Hsp25, p38, and ERK phosphorylation are increased in aging C57BL/6 mice chronically exposed to HQ, whereas Hsp25 expression is decreased. Our data suggest that phosphorylated Hsp27 might be a key mediator in AMD and HQ-induced oxidative injury to the RPE, which may provide helpful insights into the early cellular events associated with actin reorganization and bleb formation involved in sub-RPE deposits formation relevant to the pathogenesis of AMD.

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The Association Between Cigarette Smoking and Ocular Diseases

Cited by 319 publications

References 135 publications

Perceptions of blindness related to smoking: a hospital-based cross-sectional study

Perceptions of blindness related to smoking: a hospital-based cross-sectional study

Effects of moderate smoking on the central visual field

Cigarette Smoke-Related Hydroquinone Induces Filamentous Actin Reorganization and Heat Shock Protein 27 Phosphorylation through p38 and Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2 in Retinal Pigment Epithelium

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