The association between daily total physical activity and risk of cardiovascular disease among hypertensive patients: a 10-year prospective cohort study in China

Abstract

Background The effect of high levels of physical activity and relationship between daily total physical activity and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among hypertensive people were not clear. This study aimed to explore the optimum level of physical activity for CVD prevention. Methods Data used in the present study was derived from the sub-study of China Kadoorie Biobank study (CKB) in Jiangsu province of China. The CKB was a prospective cohort study established during 2004–2008. At baseline, 53,259 participants aged 35–74 years were recruited for the CKB Jiangsu sub-study conducted in Wuzhong district of Suzhou City. Among those 53,259 participants, the 20,179 hypertensive individuals were our study population. The outcome events were cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), while the independent variable was total daily physical activity. The Cox proportional hazard models were introduced to investigate the association between total physical activity and CVDs, reporting as hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results During a 10.1-year follow-up, 2419 CVD cases were identified. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, compared with participants at the lowest level of daily total physical activity, the hazard ratios for CVDs were 0.87 (95%CI: 0.79–0.97), 0.73 (95%CI: 0.65–0.83) and 0.75 (95%CI: 0.65–0.85) for participants within 2, 3 and 4 quartiles of physical activity. Such a negative association between total physical activity and CVDs were also observed among participants by gender and age-group, but within patients with stage 1 hypertension only. Moreover, the association of physical activity with CVDs was U-shape and the lowest HR (0.63, 95%CI: 0.54–0.74) was observed at 35.4 MET-h/d of total physical activity. Conclusions Total daily physical activity was negatively associated with CVDs among hypertensive adults in China, and this association was U-shape. It has some public health implications that community-based total physical activity intervention campaigns can be of help for CVDs prevention among hypertensive people in China.

Dog ownership may promote cardiometabolic health in U.S. military veterans

“…The source of this constructive interaction is difficult to resolve further without more precise estimates of exercise. For example, Zhou et al 48 recently observed a curvilinear relationship between an estimate of total daily activity, including commuting and work-related activity, and CVD incidence in a large sample of hypertensive adults. Mixed exercise has been promoted by the American Heart Association as reducing CVD risk 49 ; but, without a comprehensive tally of exercise types from participants, we can only speculate that the addition of dog walking may have yielded a mixed exercise program in this sample.…”

Dog Ownership May Promote Cardiac Health in U.S. Military Veterans: Results from the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study

“…The source of the constructive interaction is di cult to further resolve without more precise estimates of exercise levels. For example, Zhou et al 47 recently observed a curvilinear relationship between an estimate of total daily activity, including commuting-and work-related activity, and CVD incidence in a large sample of hypertensive adults. Mixed exercise has been promoted by the American Heart Association as reducing CVD risk 48 , but without a comprehensive tally of exercise types from participants, we can only speculate that the addition of dog walking may have yielded a mixed exercise program in this sample.…”

Risco Cardiovascular Em Pessoas Idosas: Uma Revisão Integrativa

“…Destaca-se a importância de programas voltados às pessoas idosas, posto que possuem fatores de risco cardiovascular diversos (ALVAREZ-ALVAREZ et al, 2020;MORALES;HERNÁNDEZ;PÉREZ, 2014;CARVALHO et al, 2017;CÂMARA et al, 2014;CASSIANO et al, 2020;CICHOCKI et al, 2017;ZHOU;SU;TAO, 2021;HIERREZULO;ÁLVAREZ;MONJE, 2021), com destaque para alguns deles, que carecem de maior atenção, incentivando um processo de envelhecimento saudável, no qual pessoas idosas mantémse funcionalmente preservadas.…”