The Association between Dietary Fiber Intake and Serum Klotho Levels in Americans: A Cross-Sectional Study from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Abstract

Background: Klotho is an aging-related marker closely associated with a number of diseases. A growing body of evidence suggests that dietary factors and lifestyle habits can impact serum Klotho levels. The effect of dietary fiber, a key component of a healthy diet, on the body’s serum Klotho levels has not been fully elucidated. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between dietary fiber intake and serum Klotho levels in people aged 40–79 years in the United States. Methods: A total of 11,282 participants were included in this study, all from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2007 to 2016. Dietary fiber intake was assessed by uniformly trained interviewers using the 24 h dietary recall method. Serum Klotho was quantified using commercially available ELISA kits manufactured by IBL International, Japan. The relationship between dietary fiber intake and serum Klotho levels was analyzed using a multiple linear regression model. Subsequently, the non-linear dose–response relationship between the two was further explored using a restricted cubic spline (RCS) model. Results: After adjusting for potential confounders, serum Klotho levels increased by 1.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.8%, 3.0%) for each interquartile range increase in dietary fiber intake in all participants. Considering dietary fiber intake as a categorical variable, serum Klotho levels were found to be 4.7% higher in participants in the highest quartile of dietary fiber intake than in those in the lowest quartile (95% CI: 1.8%, 7.6%). RCS plots depicted a non-linear positive correlation between dietary fiber intake and serum Klotho levels. Subgroup analysis revealed that the relationship between dietary fiber intake and serum Klotho levels was more pronounced in older (percentage change: 7.0%; 95% CI: 2.5%, 11.7%) and overweight and obese participants (percentage change: 4.9%; 95% CI: 1.5%, 8.4%). Conclusions: The results of this study showed that dietary fiber intake was significantly associated with serum Klotho levels in participants. This finding is yet to be further confirmed by prospective studies.

Relationship between oxidative balance score and serum Klotho concentrations in adults aged 40-79 years

“…A study showed a positive correlation between total carotenoid intake and plasma S-Klotho levels in the elderly 26 . Also, a previous study showed that dietary ber intake was positively correlated with serum Klotho protein levels 27 . The above conclusions were consistent with our results, that is, the higher the dietary OBS, the higher the concentration of serum Klotho.…”

High serum klotho levels are inversely associated with the risk of low muscle mass in middle-aged adults: results from a cross-sectional study

“…Current therapeutic approaches to enhance klotho expression include the administration of recombinant klotho protein (48). Additionally, strategies involving the supplementation of potential nutrients that boost endogenous klotho production, such as vitamin D (49), and increased dietary fiber intake (50) Dose-response relationship between klotho and low muscle mass. Values represent difference in predicted response in reference to a klotho of mean.…”

Inverse J-Shaped Relationship of Dietary Carbohydrate Intake with Serum Klotho in NHANES 2007–2016

“…We hypothesize that several mechanisms may underlie these observed relationships. Dietary carbohydrates themselves can serve as a source of certain vitamins [ 33 , 34 ], minerals [ 35 ], and fiber [ 27 ], which could positively influence Klotho protein expression. Additionally, low-carbohydrate-intake diets tend to inevitably reduce the intake of high-quality carbohydrates [ 28 , 36 ], including fruits, non-starchy vegetables, and whole grains, and simultaneously alter the amount and type of gut microbiota and affect hepatic FGF21 production [ 20 , 37 ], all of which may downregulate Klotho levels by modulating the levels of inflammation and oxidative stress.…”

“…The following potential covariates associated with serum Klotho levels based on previous research were considered [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ], including age (in continuous), gender (male/female), race (non-Hispanic White/non-Hispanic Black/other Hispanic and Mexican American/other), educational level (<high school/high school/college or above), and income-to-poverty ratio (PIR) obtained from demographic data. Serum cotinine levels (with a serum cotinine cutoff value of 3 ng/mL used to determine smoking status), along with information on alcohol consumption (classified as fewer than 12 drinks per year or more than 12 drinks per year), weight, and height were collected from data obtained at mobile examination centers.…”