The association between different cognitive domains and age in a multi‐centre study of middle‐aged and older European men

Lee, David M.; Tajar, Abdelouahid; Ulubaev, Aslan; Pendleton, Neil; O'Neill, Terence W; O’Connor, Daryl B.; Bártfai, György; Boonen, Steven; Casanueva, Felipe F.; Finn, Joseph D.; Forti, Gianni; Giwercman, Aleksander; Han, Thang S.; Huhtaniemi, Ilpo; Kula, Krzysztof; Lean, Michael E. J.; Punab, Margus; Silman, Alan J.; Vanderschueren, Dirk; Wu, Frederick C. W.

doi:10.1002/gps.2255

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…As reported previously, there were significant betweencentre differences in cognitive test scores with centres in northern and western Europe (Leuven, Manchester, Malmö) scoring highest for all the tests, while centres in Southern Europe scored lower (34). All four scores were inversely associated with higher age (34).…”

Section: Cognitive Testssupporting

confidence: 78%

“…All four scores were inversely associated with higher age (34). The distribution of the FC z-score is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Cognitive Testsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…In relation to human behaviour, data from the MMAS showed that depression was significantly and inversely associated with total testosterone in men with shorter (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20), but not with moderate and longer (21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40), CAG repeats (56). Although we found that the length of the AR CAG repeat was not an effect modifier of the association between the hormones and the FC z-score, we cannot exclude the possibility that different relationships may exist with other cognitive domains.…”

Section: Previous Studies Of Ar Cag Repeat Length and Cognitive Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Endogenous hormones, androgen receptor CAG repeat length and fluid cognition in middle-aged and older men: results from the European Male Ageing Study

Lee

Ulubaev

Tajar

et al. 2010

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: Data remain divergent regarding the activational effects of endogenous hormones on adult cognitive function. We examined the association between cognition, hormones and androgen receptor (AR) CAG repeat length in a large cohort of men. Design: Community-based, cross-sectional study of 3369 men aged 40-79 years. Methods: Cognition tests were the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure, Camden Topographical Recognition Memory and Digit-Symbol Substitution. A fluid cognition (FC) z-score was computed from the individual tests. Testosterone, oestradiol (OE 2 ) and 5a-dihydrotestosterone were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; DHEAS, LH, FSH and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) by electrochemiluminescence. Free testosterone and OE 2 were calculated from total hormone, SHBG and albumin. CAG repeat lengths were assayed by PCR genotyping. Results: Total testosterone and free testosterone were associated with higher FC z-scores, LH and FSH with lower FC z-scores in age-adjusted linear regressions. After adjusting for health, lifestyle and centre, a modest association was only observed between DHEAS and a lower FC z-score (bZK0.011, PZ0.02), although this was driven by subjects with DHEAS levels O10 mmol/l. Locally weighted plots revealed no threshold effects between hormones and FC. There was no association between CAG repeat length and FC z-score after adjustment for age and centre (bZK0.007, PZ0.06), nor any interaction effect between CAG repeat length and hormones. Conclusion: Our results suggest that endogenous hormones are not associated with a vision-based measure of FC among healthy, community-dwelling men. Further studies are warranted to determine whether 'high' DHEAS levels are associated with poorer performance on a broader range of neuropsychological tests.

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Section: Cognitive Testssupporting

confidence: 78%

“…All four scores were inversely associated with higher age (34). The distribution of the FC z-score is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Cognitive Testsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Previous Studies Of Ar Cag Repeat Length and Cognitive Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Endogenous hormones, androgen receptor CAG repeat length and fluid cognition in middle-aged and older men: results from the European Male Ageing Study

Lee

Ulubaev

Tajar

et al. 2010

European Journal of Endocrinology

Self Cite

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“…Also, the odds of lower cognitive function were higher when the number of unhealthy behaviours was repeated over time (across three different waves) [89]. Similar findings from the Suwon Longitudinal Ageing Study (SLAS) showed that a combination of multiple positive lifestyle behaviours (such as non-smoking, vegetable consumption and social activity) was associated with the higher cognitive ability [90]. However, since these behaviours tend to cluster [91,92], the extent to which apparent effects of one behaviour were attributable to (i.e.…”

Section: The Role Of Lifestyle Behaviours On Cognitive Ageingsupporting

confidence: 53%

Cognitive Ageing

Cadar¹

2018

Geriatrics Health

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Cognitive decline is the first outward sign of dementia, which has a major public health impact on individuals and governments around the world. As individuals age, cognitive abilities gradually start to deteriorate for independent or combined genetic and environmental causes. Given that very little can be done regarding our genetic inheritance, the focus of the current research is on modifiable risk factors across the life course. There is a well-established relationship between specific lifestyle behaviours and cognitive decline, but extremely limited research on the role of combined lifestyle factors. This chapter aims to describe the process of cognitive ageing on multiple cognitive domains (fluid and crystallised), highlighting the changes in cognitive performance occurring as a normal process of ageing, as well as the most severe forms of cognitive impairment indicative of probable risk of dementia. Also, the role of modifiable risk factors such as lifestyle behaviours (alcohol, smoking, physical activity and dietary patterns) will be evaluated in relation to healthy cognitive ageing and preventions of cognitive decline. There are many questions to be answered regarding the biological foundations of cognitive ageing across the spectrum, and the potential role of lifestyle behaviours in reverting the accelerated changes in the cognitive ageing process.

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“…A five-point-lower DSST score increased the risk of HMA by 13% and recurrent HMA to an even greater degree after considering other factors. To put this in context, ~40 g alcohol (3–4 standard drinks) will acutely lower an individual’s DSST score by approximately five points (21–23), and among people in the same age range as those in ACCORD-MIND, a one-point difference in DSST score is consistent with the difference in cognition seen between two people differing in age by 1–2 years (24–28), differing in formal education experience by ~4 years (26) and, among people with type 2 diabetes, differing in A1C by 0.57% (16). Thus, even small differences in cognition can have an impact on hypoglycemia risk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Poor Cognitive Function and Risk of Severe Hypoglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes

et al. 2012

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OBJECTIVESelf-management of type 2 diabetes including avoidance of hypoglycemia is complex, but the impact of cognition on safe self-management is not well understood. This study aimed to assess the effect of baseline cognitive function and cognitive decline on subsequent risk of severe hypoglycemia and to assess the effect of different glycemic strategies on these relationships.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSProspective cohort analysis of data from the ACCORD trial included 2,956 adults aged ≥55 years with type 2 diabetes and additional cardiovascular risk factors. Cognitive tests (Digit Symbol Substitution Test [DSST], Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, Stroop Test, and Mini Mental Status Examination) were conducted at baseline and 20 months. Study outcomes were incident confirmed severe hypoglycemia requiring medical assistance (HMA) and hypoglycemia requiring any assistance (HAA).RESULTSAfter a median 3.25-year follow-up, a 5-point-poorer baseline score on the DSST was predictive of a first episode of HMA (hazard ratio 1.13 [95% CI 1.08–1.18]). Analyses of the other cognitive tests and of HAA were consistent with the DSST results. Cognitive decline over 20 months increased the risk of subsequent hypoglycemia to a greater extent in those with lower baseline cognitive function (Pinteraction = 0.037). Randomization to an intensive versus standard glycemic strategy had no impact on the relationship between cognitive function and the risk of severe hypoglycemia.CONCLUSIONSPoor cognitive function increases the risk of severe hypoglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes. Clinicians should consider cognitive function in assessing and guiding their patients regarding safe diabetes self-management regardless of their glycemic targets.

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The association between different cognitive domains and age in a multi‐centre study of middle‐aged and older European men

Cited by 10 publications

References 37 publications

Endogenous hormones, androgen receptor CAG repeat length and fluid cognition in middle-aged and older men: results from the European Male Ageing Study

Endogenous hormones, androgen receptor CAG repeat length and fluid cognition in middle-aged and older men: results from the European Male Ageing Study

Cognitive Ageing

Poor Cognitive Function and Risk of Severe Hypoglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes

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