The association between different molecular weights of hyaluronic acid and CHAD, HIF-1α, COL2A1 expression in chondrocyte cultures

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of three different formulations of hyaluronic acid (HA): Low molecular weight (MW) Sinovial One®, medium MW Viscoplus® and high MW Durolane®, on chondrocyte proliferation and collagen type II (COL2A1), hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and chondroadherin (CHAD) expression in primary chondrocyte cultures. Standard primary chondrocyte cultures were established from osteochondral tissues surgically obtained from 6 patients with gonarthrosis. Cell morphology was evaluated using an inverted light microscope; cell proliferation was determined with a MTT assay and confirmed with acridine orange/propidium iodide staining. Levels of CHAD, COL2A1 and HIF-1α expression were assessed using specific TaqMan gene expression assays. The results demonstrated the positive effect of HA treatment on cell proliferation, which was independent from the MW. COL2A1 expression increased in the medium and high MW HA treated groups. It was observed that HIF-1α expression increased in the high MW treated group alone. CHAD expression increased only in the medium MW HA treated group. Evaluation of gene expression revealed that levels of expression increased as the duration of HA application increased, in the medium and high MW HA treated groups. In terms of increased viability and proliferation, a longer duration of HA application was more effective. Taken together, it may be concluded that the administration of medium and high MW HA may be a successful way of treating diseases affecting chondrocytes in a clinical setting.

Are radio‐contrast agents commonly used in discography toxic to the intact intervertebral disc tissue cells?

“…As a result, the in vitro test results, which are difficult to comply with in vivo conditions, may become even more controversial since the cell does not interact with formations such as extracellular matrix structure. Besides, since the genetic structure of the cells in the cell line has been modified, they will not carry the genotypic and/or phenotypic characteristics that they have in the human body …”

“…In summary, if a drug is administered to a patient and there is another accompanying disease in this patient, the disease may increase the side effects of the administered drug, as it is known that drugs may cause more adverse reactions depending on the food consumption, smoking and alcohol use . Therefore, in this study, we selected the patients, whose tissues were used in the preparation of primary cell cultures, who did not smoke, did not use alcohol or did not use drugs that inhibited the CYP3A4 group.…”

“…When stained with both AO and PI, all live nucleated cells produce green fluorescence, and all dead nucleated cells produce red fluorescence. To prepare the AO/PI stain, 4‐mg AO (dissolved in 2‐mL 99% ETOH), 10‐g sodium‐ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, 4‐mg PI and 50 mL FBS were mixed well and sterile distilled water was added to reach a 200‐mL final volume …”

Are the intervertebral disc tissue cells damaged when attempting to prevent thrombus formation with dabigatran which is amongst the new oral anticoagulants?

“…Intervertebral disc tissue is avascular and aneuronal, just like cartilage tissue (1,2, [18][19][20]. Due to this anatomical structure, drugs and nutrients pass from neighboring osseous structures through hyaline membranes and accumulate in the outer layers of the intervertebral disc tissue (13,14,17,25,26). Though no pharmacokinetic studies currently exist that examine dabigatran's migration through hyaline membranes and fluid compartment concentrations with high evidential value, it is an indisputable fact that many medicaments, such as synovia, may accumulate in the liquid compartments and/ or on surfaces which come into contact with intervertebral disc tissue, and thus they may pass into other tissues (1,2, 13,14,[17][18][19][20]25,26).…”

“…Alongside the advancement of pharmaceutical technology and regenerative medicine, many reports have examined how to protect tissues by investigating the toxicity of drugs at the molecular level. In addition, the question of how damaged tissue can be repaired has also been investigated (1,2, 13,14,[17][18][19][20]25,26). As in all areas of medicine, neurosurgery researchers have begun contributing to the literature on disc tissue preservation and damaged tissue repair.…”