The association between early in marriage fertility pressure from in-laws’ and family planning behaviors, among married adolescent girls in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, India

Dixit, Anvita; Bhan, Nandita; Benmarhnia, Tarik; Reed, Elizabeth; Kiene, Susan M.; Silverman, Jay G.; Raj, Anita

doi:10.1186/s12978-021-01116-9

Cited by 27 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…This finding is an indication that the extended family system which is common in many developing countries including Nigeria may have a strong influence on reproductive health decision-making such as the use of contraception. Mothers and mothers-in-law are strongly believed to influence fertility decisions as their presence may put pressure on their daughters or daughter-in-law in different ways ( 35 – 37 ). This is especially likely when a couple does not have any male children yet.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Household Structure and Contraceptive Use in Nigeria

Fadeyibi¹,

Alade²,

Adebayo³

et al. 2022

Front. Glob. Womens Health

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BackgroundContraceptive use in Nigeria has been consistently low despite its many benefits and several efforts by government and development partners to increase its uptake. According to the Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey, the use of any modern method staggeringly increased from 4 to 12% over 28 years (1990–2018). Studies have identified factors at the individual, household, and societal levels that affect contraceptive use. While studies have also shown that decisions such as contraceptive behavior and acquisition of family skills may vary according to the individual or societal factors, there is a dearth of knowledge on how household structure and composition influence contraceptive use in Nigeria. This article seeks to contribute to the body of knowledge by exploring contraceptive use within the household context.MethodWe used data from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey to examine the relationship between household structure and contraceptive use. We excluded pregnant and non-married women at the time of the survey from the sample and used multinomial regression analysis to examine the likelihood of using traditional or modern methods of contraception.ResultsResults show that having a large household size, and the presence of multiple wives in the household significantly reduces the likelihood of using any method of contraceptive. The result further shows a significant association between household wealth index and contraceptive use as the use of any method increases with household wealth index, with those from richest households being twice as likely as their counterparts in the poorest households to use traditional methods (OR:2.02, p < 0.05). Also, women living in households headed by older men (25 and above), households with under 5 children, and those living in rural areas have significantly reduced likelihood of using any method.ConclusionThis study highlights the dynamics of contraceptive use among married women considering household composition. While our study serves as a primer to understanding contraceptive use in households where a woman and her spouse are usual household members, improved family planning interventions to increase uptake through demand creation will require deeper and more comprehensive work to understand the dynamics among women in more complex household settings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Household Structure and Contraceptive Use in Nigeria

Fadeyibi¹,

Alade²,

Adebayo³

et al. 2022

Front. Glob. Womens Health

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“…28 29 For example, cultural attitude and norms towards reproduction in some societies in Africa and South Asia are based on the assumption that children are the sources of old age financial support and alternative strength in case of child death and that larger family size is prestigious, which encourages high fertility preferences. 18 30 Furthermore, the family tradition of early marriage and pressure from the in-laws' family are also associated with high fertility choice 31 The association of socio-economic and decisionmaking freedom of women with pregnancy prevention measures, conjugal violence and medical services on fertility has been found to decline either for a single or a coalition of nations. 4 11 12 17 18 However, the association of fertility desire and the achievement of fertility choice in the context of LMRCs have not been examined.…”

Section: Strengths and Limitations Of This Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Women’s empowerment and fertility decision-making in 53 low and middle resource countries: a pooled analysis of demographic and health surveys

et al. 2021

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ObjectiveWomen’s empowerment and its association with fertility preference are vital for central-level promotional health policy strategies. This study examines the association between women’s empowerment and fertility decision-making in low and middle resource countries (LMRCs).DesignThis cross-sectional study uses the Demographic and Health Survey database.Settings53 LMRCs from six different regions for the period ranging from 2006 to 2018.ParticipantsThe data of women-only aged 35 years and above is used as a unit of analysis. The final sample consists of 91 070 married women.MethodsWe considered two outcome variables: women’s perceived ideal number of children and their ability to achieve preferred fertility desire and the association with women empowerment. Women empowerment was measured by their participation in household decision-making and attitude towards wife-beating. The negative binomial regression model was used to assess women’s perceived ideal number of children, and multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate women’s ability to achieve their preferred fertility desire.ResultsOur study found that empowered women have a relatively low ideal number of children irrespective of the measures used to assess women empowerment. In this study, the measures were participation in household decision-making (incidence rate ratio (IRR): 0.92, 95% CI: 0.91 to 0.93) and attitude towards wife-beating (IRR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.95 to 0.97). In the LMRCs, household decision-making and negative attitude towards wife-beating have been found associated with 1.12 and 1.08 times greater odds of having more than their ideal number of children.ConclusionOur findings suggest that women’s perceived fertility desire can be achieved by enhancing their empowerment. Therefore, a modified community-based family planning programme at the national level is required, highlighting the importance of women’s empowerment on reproductive healthcare as a part of the mission to assist women and couples to have only the number of children they desire.

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“…The pressure to have children among young married women who do not have children and the pressure to cope up with the rearing and caring of a child are both situations in India that can have a lot of mental pressure on women (Marphatia, Ambale, and Reid, 2017). Fertility pressures from the family particularly from in-laws' are common especially among adolescent girls and in the states such as like Uttar Pradesh and Bihar (Dixit, Bhan, Benmarhnia, et al, 2021). Women who had child after age 20 may have younger children at the current age (22 -29) when mental health status being assessed, and, therefore, having young kids have the feeling of responsibility and caregiving due to which they have some kind of mental pressure (Hank, 2010;Aitken, Hewitt, Keogh, et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between school dropouts, early marriages, childbearing, and mental health in early adulthood of women: Evidence from a cohort study in Bihar, India

Yadav

Dhillon

Kujur

et al. 2022

IJPS

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School dropouts, early marriages, and low age at childbearing are issues still prevalent in Indian states like Bihar, which may be responsible for poor mental health among young adults. The present study examined the effect of life-course events such as school dropouts, early marriages, and early childbearing on mental health status at later ages (23–28 years). Using data from the Understanding the Lives of Adolescents and Young Adults consisting of a 2360 adolescent (ages 15 – 19) girl cohort interviewed in 2007 and re-interviewed at ages 23 – 28 in 2016 from the state of Bihar, India, we applied ordinal logistic regression models in analyzing factors associated with mental health status. Women who never attended school, or dropped out from school, and who got married before age 19 showed a poorer mental health status in their young adulthood (22 – 28 years) compared to their respective counterparts who attended a school and who got married at age 19 or older. As compared to women who had a child before age 19, those who did not have any child, or who had children after 20 years of age were more likely to have poor mental health. Working women, high self-efficacy of women, and women who have decision-making power showed better mental health outcomes as compared to their respective counterparts. To enhance psychological well-being of young women, the study recommends continue education and delaying marriage as the programmatic keys with attention to improving young women’s autonomy and gender role attitudes and reducing societal pressure for bearing first child soon after marriage.

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The association between early in marriage fertility pressure from in-laws’ and family planning behaviors, among married adolescent girls in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, India

Cited by 27 publications

References 34 publications

Household Structure and Contraceptive Use in Nigeria

Household Structure and Contraceptive Use in Nigeria

Women’s empowerment and fertility decision-making in 53 low and middle resource countries: a pooled analysis of demographic and health surveys

Association between school dropouts, early marriages, childbearing, and mental health in early adulthood of women: Evidence from a cohort study in Bihar, India

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