The association between early menarche and higher-risk cardiometabolic profile: a dose–response analysis of the Tabari cohort at enrollment phase

Kheradmand, Motahareh; Hamzehgardeshi, Zeinab; Shahhosseini, Zohreh; Mirjalili, Razie; Moosazadeh, Mahmood

doi:10.3389/fcvm.2023.1241179

Cited by 2 publications

References 27 publications

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Exploring the Influence of Age at Menarche on Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components Across Different Women's Birth Cohorts

Farahmand,

Mousavi,

Azizi

et al. 2024

Endocrino Diabet & Metabol

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PurposeMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is the primary cardiovascular risk factor, making it a global issue. Our objective was to assess the association between the age at menarche (AAM) and MetS and its components in different generations of women.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, 5500 eligible women aged ≥ 20 who participated in the Tehran lipid and glucose study in 2015–2017 were selected. Participants were divided into groups by birth cohorts (BC) (born ≤ 1959, 1960–1979, and ≥ 1980) and AAM (≤ 11, 12–15, and ≥ 16 years, early, normal, and late, respectively). The status of MetS and its components were compared amongst participants using logistic regression.ResultsNormal AAM (12–15 years) was considered the reference group. The adjusted model revealed that AAM ≤ 11 is associated with a higher risk of 34% (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04, 1.71) in MetS, and the prevalence of MetS in the early menarche group was higher in BCI, and BCII (odds ratio (OR): 1.87; 95% CI: 1.04, 3.36 and OR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.89, respectively). Those with late menarche demonstrated a lower risk (OR:0.72; 95% CI: 0.57, 0.91) of abdominal obesity, and early menarche showed a higher risk (OR: 1.45; CI: 1.14, 1.86). This higher risk in early menarche was observed in BCI and BCII (OR: 1.76; 95% CI: 1.16, 2.66 and OR: 1.80; 95% CI: 1.23, 2.64, respectively). However, the protective effect of late menarche was observed in BC II and BC III (OR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.54, 1.00 and OR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.44, 0.96, respectively).ConclusionsThe influential effect of AAM on metabolic disturbances varies amongst different generations.

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Exploring the Influence of Age at Menarche on Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components Across Different Women's Birth Cohorts

Farahmand,

Mousavi,

Azizi

et al. 2024

Endocrino Diabet & Metabol

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Age at Menarche and Coronary Artery Disease Risk: Divergent Associations with Different Sources of Variation

Sonawalla,

Chasman,

Chan

2024

Preprint

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BackgroundBoth earlier and later age at menarche (AAM) are associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) in women. This study sought to determine if the relationship of AAM with CAD and CAD risk factors differs for underlying sources of variation in AAM – specifically, variation attributable to common genetic variants as represented by a polygenic score (PGS) vs. variation independent of the PGS.MethodsPrimary analyses were conducted on data from 201,037 women in the UK Biobank and validation studies on data from 23,268 women in the Women’s Genome Health Study (WGHS). For each individual, a PGS for AAM was calculated, then two variables were estimated from linear regression models: the PGS-associated change in AAM and the PGS-independent change in AAM. Logistic regression and linear splines were then used to study the relationships of these variables with CAD and CAD risk factors: hemoglobin A1c, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, and waist-hip ratio.ResultsPGS-associated change in AAM demonstrated a linear relationship with CAD and linear or roughly linear relationships with CAD risk factors. In contrast, PGS-independent change in AAM demonstrated a U-shaped relationship with CAD and with hemoglobin A1c, triglycerides, HDL-C, and waist-hip ratio. Validation studies using WGHS data produced similar results.ConclusionsThese results suggest that later AAM itself does not cause increased risk of CAD; rather, upstream sources of variation other than common genetic variants can cause both later AAM and increased risk of CAD. Dysglycemia, dyslipidemia, and central adiposity are candidate mediators of the association of later AAM with increased risk of CAD.

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The association between early menarche and higher-risk cardiometabolic profile: a dose–response analysis of the Tabari cohort at enrollment phase

Cited by 2 publications

References 27 publications

Exploring the Influence of Age at Menarche on Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components Across Different Women's Birth Cohorts

Exploring the Influence of Age at Menarche on Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components Across Different Women's Birth Cohorts

Age at Menarche and Coronary Artery Disease Risk: Divergent Associations with Different Sources of Variation

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