The association between intelligence and personal victimization in adolescence and adulthood

Beaver, Kevin M.; Nedelec, Joseph L.; Barnes, J. C.; Boutwell, Brian B.; Boccio, Cashen M.

doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.04.068

Cited by 20 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…47 Cognitive measures are correlated with victimization risk in the general population. 48 Moreover, given the association between dementia and the experience of violence (although based on few studies, reviewed in McCausland et al 49), formal cognitive assessment could assist in identifying executive deficits that might impair effective social interaction and navigation of complex social situations, and be of value in formulating and reducing vulnerability.…”

Section: Assessment Of Patients Who Have Experienced Physical Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

Violence towards people with mental illness: Assessment, risk factors, and management

Bhavsar

Bhugra

2018

Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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Section: Assessment Of Patients Who Have Experienced Physical Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

Violence towards people with mental illness: Assessment, risk factors, and management

Bhavsar

Bhugra

2018

Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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“…Low cognitive ability, shown to be distinct from low self-control [ 76 ], may impede the decision-making process where risks and rewards are evaluated, thereby increasing the risk of offending. Research has consistently linked low cognitive ability with offending [ 54 ] and has implied that low cognitive ability may also increase the risk of victimization [ 4 , 10 , 106 , 107 ]. The dual taxonomy also identifies early puberty as a risk for the victim-offender overlap.…”

Section: Past Victim-offender Overlap Research From a Developmental Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Developmental Nature of the Victim-Offender Overlap

Beckley

Caspi

Arseneault

et al. 2017

J Dev Life Course Criminology

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PurposeIt is well-established that victims and offenders are often the same people, a phenomenon known as the victim-offender overlap, but the developmental nature of this overlap remains uncertain. In this study, we drew from a developmental theoretical framework to test effects of genetics, individual characteristics, and routine-activity-based risks. Drawing from developmental literature, we additionally tested the effect of an accumulation of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs).MethodsData came from the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Study, a representative UK birth cohort of 2232 twins born in 1994–1995 and followed to age 18 (with 93% retention). Crime victimization and offending were assessed through self-reports at age 18 (but findings replicated using crime records). We used the classical twin study method to decompose variance in the victim-offender overlap into genetic and environmental components. We used logistic regression to test the effects of childhood risk factors.ResultsIn contrast to past twin studies, we found that environment (as well as genes) contributed to the victim-offender overlap. Our logistic regression results showed that childhood low self-control and childhood antisocial behavior nearly doubled the odds of becoming a victim-offender, compared to a victim-only or an offender-only. Each additional ACE increased the odds of becoming a victim-offender, compared to a victim-only or an offender-only, by approximately 12%, pointing to the importance of cumulative childhood adversity.ConclusionsThis study showed that the victim-offender overlap is, at least partially, developmental in nature and predictable from personal childhood characteristics and an accumulation of many adverse childhood experiences.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s40865-017-0068-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Other studies have uncovered very similar patterns of effects, revealing positive associations between intelligence and educational attainment, accrual of wealth, increased selfregulation, upward social mobility, selection of friends and romantic partners (i.e., assortative paring), and even longer life expectancy, across multiple independent samples (Arden et al, 2015;Beaver et al, 2016;Calvin et al, 2017;Gottfredson, 2004;Boutwell et al, 2017;Meldrum et al, 2017;Plomin and Deary, 2015). Not only have higher levels of intelligence been linked to positive social outcomes, the inverse also seems to be true, in that lower levels of intelligence predict various adverse life events.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Not only have higher levels of intelligence been linked to positive social outcomes, the inverse also seems to be true, in that lower levels of intelligence predict various adverse life events. Beaver et al (2016), for instance, using a nationally representative sample of over 15,000 participants, found that those in the bottom 25% of IQ scores were almost twice as likely to be victimized as those in the top 25%. Lower levels of intelligence are also associated with an increased risk of self-reported criminal justice processing (being arrested and incarcerated) in adulthood (Beaver et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association of Externalizing and Internalizing Problems with Indicators of Intelligence in a Sample of At-Risk Children

Boutwell

Helton

Vaughn

et al. 2017

Preprint

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To date, a substantial body of research exists suggesting an association between indicators of intelligence and various deleterious outcomes, including externalizing and internalizing behavioral problems. Much of this research, however, has focused on samples drawn from the general population, thus it remains less clear how (and if) intelligence relates to problem behaviors in samples of highly at-risk individuals. The current study seeks to contribute to this knowledge base by examining the associations between intelligence and internalizing, externalizing, and total scores on the Child Behavioral Checklist in a sample of approximately 2,500 highly disadvantaged respondents considered by Child Protective Services as at-risk for abuse or neglect. While the two measures of intelligence performed differently, there emerged some association between overall lower IQ and higher total behavioral problem scores. There was some evidence that low IQ also predicted higher internalizing scores, but this relationship varied greatly by measure and model. Results, limitations, and implications of the current study are discussed.

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The association between intelligence and personal victimization in adolescence and adulthood

Cited by 20 publications

References 34 publications

Violence towards people with mental illness: Assessment, risk factors, and management

Violence towards people with mental illness: Assessment, risk factors, and management

The Developmental Nature of the Victim-Offender Overlap

The Association of Externalizing and Internalizing Problems with Indicators of Intelligence in a Sample of At-Risk Children

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