The association between metabolic syndrome components, low-grade systemic inflammation and insulin resistance in non-diabetic Indonesian adolescent male

Abstract

Background and aims: Millions of people in Indonesia have diabetes. The cluster of metabolic abnormalities has long been identified as the risk factors for type 2 diabetes and is now commonly described as metabolic syndrome/MetS. Insulin resistance takes a key role in the process of the MetS and has even been hypothesized as its underlying cause. Clinical and epidemiologic studies also indicate that inflammatory factors might be correlated with IR. Prospective studies have proved that metabolic syndrome grows during childhood/adolescence and progresses to adulthood T2DM. The purpose of this study was to investigate relationships between metabolic syndrome components and low-grade systemic inflammation with insulin resistance in non-diabetic Indonesian adolescent male. Methods: This was a cross-sectional analysis of non-diabetic adolescent male in Indonesian population (n ¼ 128) aged between 18 and 22 years old. MetS components are based on NCEP ATP III (2004) modification for Asia Pacific population. Marker for low-grade systemic inflammation is hsCRP and insulin resistance was determined by HOMA-IR formula. Relevant measures were anthropometry, blood pressure, fasting insulin, serum glucose, lipid profiles and hsCRP. Results: Of the 128 adolescent male, we found that 16 subjects (12.5%) have central obesity; 3 subjects (2.3%) have hyperglycemia; 26 subjects (20.3%) have low HDL-c; 19 subjects (14.8%) have high triacylglycerol; 45 subjects (35.2%) have hsCRP 1.0 mg/dL; 4 subjects (3.1%) have high blood pressure and 39 subjects (30.5%) have insulin resistance. The association of MetS components with the risk of insulin resistance is central obesity and high triacylglycerol with OR of 24.4 (95%CI: 5.19e114.42) and 9.4 (95%CI: 3.09e28.68) consecutively. We also found that low-grade systemic inflammation (hsCRP 1.0 mg/dL) was strongly associated with incident of insulin resistance with OR 5.2 (95%CI: 2.31e11.64). Meanwhile, we found that high triacylglycerol level is the solely one of five MetS components which has contribution to the incident of systemic low-grade inflammation with OR 3.9 (95%CI: 1.43e10.92). Conclusion: Central obesity and high triacylglycerol level are the important MetS components associated with IR. Systemic low-grade inflammation has been associated with insulin resistance. Identification of obesity, high triacylglycerol and high hsCRP should be focused for prevention of type 2 diabetes in nondiabetic Indonesian adolescent male.

Body mass index as the most influential factor of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in non-diabetic adults

“…(3) Obesity marked by excess of body fat is associated with insulin resistance and systemic low-grade inflammation leading to CVD. (4) Obesity is commonly measured by body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Visceral obesity is linked to higher CVD risk compared to other types of fat deposition.…”

Prevalence of Insulin Resistance in the Hungarian General and Roma Populations as Defined by Using Data Generated in a Complex Health (Interview and Examination) Survey

“…In addition, abundant clinical and epidemiologic evidence has demonstrated a close linkage between IR and hypertension via enhanced salt absorption in the kidney, activation of the sympathetic nervous system, and alteration in vascular resistance (see reviewed [ 33 ]). Findings suggest that IR is significantly associated with the clustering of MetS risk factors [ 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ], and IR is considered central to the pathophysiology of cardiometabolic diseases.…”

From Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) to Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD)—New Terminology in Pediatric Patients as a Step in Good Scientific Direction?

“…It is worth noting that in recent years, special attention has been paid to a certain role of low-grade systemic inflammation in the pathogenesis of MetS. Therefore, numerous studies have been carried out to uncover how inflammation contributes to the development and progression of MetS [38,39]. On the basis of new research it seems that evaluation of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) could be useful in prediction of MetS, however this parameter is not in current diagnostic MetS criteria [40,41].…”