The Association Between METS-IR and Serum Ferritin Level in United States Female: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on NHANES

Han, Ho Jae; Chen, Yan; Ji, Xiaojuan; Zhang, Siqi; Hailiang, Chu; Sun, Xin; Qikai, Wang; Mingquan, Xing; Jiangzhou, Feng; Hongfeng, Ge

doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.925344

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Previous studies suggested that age was positively associated with serum ferritin levels [ 41 , 47 ], and that this change was particularly pronounced in people aged 20–50 years [ 48 ], while serum ferritin would remain relatively constant as the body ages [ 49 ]. In previous studies conducted by NHANES, we found a higher proportion of white participants in the group with higher serum ferritin [ 50 , 51 ], which was consistent with our findings. However, in the US population, Black people have a higher prevalence of obesity [ 52 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

The association of body mass index and weight waist adjustment index with serum ferritin in a national study of US adults

Han,

Ni,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Eur J Med Res

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Background Abnormal serum ferritin levels are associated with a variety of diseases. Meanwhile, abnormal serum ferritin is influenced by a variety of risk factors, but its correlation with obesity remains poorly described. Objective This study aimed to investigate the association of body mass index (BMI) and weight waist adjustment index (WWI) with serum ferritin in US adults. Methods Participants in this study took part in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) prior to the pandemic from 2017 to March 2020. Serum ferritin was used as the sole response variable and BMI and WWI were used as independent variables. Multiple linear regression was used to assess the relationship between serum ferritin and the independent variables, and smoothed curve fitting and threshold effects analysis were performed to assess the presence of non-linear relationships. To validate the sensitive individuals for the correlation between the independent and the dependent variables, a subgroup analysis was performed. Results A final total of 7552 participants were included in this study. Both independent variables had a positive relationship with serum ferritin, with effect values of (β = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.17–1.19) when BMI was the independent variable and (β = 8.62, 95% CI: 3.53–13.72) when WWI was the independent variable in the fully adjusted model. This positive association between the two obesity-related indexes and serum ferritin became more significant as BMI and WWI increased (P for trend < 0.001). In subgroup analyses, the positive association between the independent variables and serum ferritin was more pronounced in participants who were male, 40–59 years old, white, and had diabetes and hypertension. In addition, smoothed curve fitting and threshold effects analysis demonstrated a linear positive association of BMI and WWI with serum ferritin. Conclusions In the US adult population, while there was a linear positive association of WWI and BMI with serum ferritin, the effect values between WWI and serum ferritin were more significant. Male, 40–59 years old, white, participants with diabetes and hypertension should be cautious that higher WWI might entail a risk of higher serum ferritin levels.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

The association of body mass index and weight waist adjustment index with serum ferritin in a national study of US adults

Han,

Ni,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Eur J Med Res

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“…A former smoker was defined as someone who had smoked more than 100 cigarettes in their lifetime but had currently quit, and a current smoker was defined as someone who smoked more than 100 cigarettes and was presently smoking [ 23 ]. Alcohol consumption was determined by a cut-off of > 12 drinks per year, and no alcohol consumption was defined as consuming less than 12 drinks per year [ 24 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between lean body mass to visceral fat mass ratio and bone mineral density in United States population: a cross-sectional study

Li,

Zhong,

Shao

et al. 2023

Arch Public Health

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Background Studies have explored the correlation between body composition and bone mineral density (BMD), but there has yet to be a consensus. Thus, the present study aims to comprehensively investigate the association between lean body mass, adipose tissue, and BMD. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2011–2018) with 11,227 subjects. Multiple linear regression, smoothed curve fitting, threshold, and saturation effect analysis were used to explore the association between lean body mass, visceral fat mass, and BMD. Also, we used the lean body mass to visceral fat mass ratio (Log LM/VFM) as a proxy variable to analyze its association with BMD alone. Results After adjusting for potential confounding factors, the results showed a positive correlation between lean mass and total BMD (for continuous: β = 0.078, P < 0.001; for quartile: β = 0.138, P < 0.001), while visceral fat mass was negatively correlated (for continuous: β = -0.027, P < 0.001; for quartile: β = -0.065, P < 0.001). A positive correlation was observed when the alternative variable Log LM/VFM was analyzed separately for its association with BMD (for continuous: β = 0.034, P < 0.001; for quartile: β = 0.084, P < 0.001). In addition, subgroup analyses for gender, age, body mass index, hypertension, and diabetes showed that all subgroups except the diabetes subgroup showed a substantial degree of robustness (P < 0.05). The smoothed curve fitting showed a nonlinear relationship between Log LM/VFM and BMD, and there was a threshold effect with a critical value of 2.60. Conclusion Maintaining a proper ratio of lean body mass and visceral fat mass is beneficial for increasing BMD.

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“…A large cross-sectional study of 21,082 participants by Chen et al 25 found that the increase in METS-IR index was associated with a higher incidence of asthma and an earlier age of first asthma in American adults. Han et al 26 found a positive correlation between METS-IR and serum ferritin in a cross-sectional study of 4182 American women. This correlation was evident among participants ≥ 40 years old.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The metabolic score of insulin resistance is positively correlated with bone mineral density in postmenopausal patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Qiao

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complicated with osteoporosis (OP) is increasing yearly. Early prevention, detection and treatment of OP are important in postmenopausal patients with T2DM. This study aimed to explore the correlation between insulin resistance and bone mineral density (BMD), and OP in postmenopausal patients with T2DM. In this study, postmenopausal patients with T2DM who visited our hospital from January 2021 to March 2022 were divided into the OP group (n = 91) and non-OP group (n = 119) according to whether they were complicated with OP or not. The general data of patients, BMD, blood routine, glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, liver and kidney function indexes were collected, and the homeostatic model assessment for IR (HOMA-IR), the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and the metabolic score for IR (METS-IR) were calculated. A weighted multivariate linear regression model assessed the correlation between insulin resistance (IR) related indexes and lumbar spine, femoral neck, and hip BMD. A weighted logistic regression model assessed the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the association between the IR-related indexes and OP risk. The nonlinear relationship was also evaluated by smooth curve fitting (SCF) and a weighted generalized additive model (GAM). Moreover, the Receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curve was used to analyze the predictive efficiency of METS-IR in postmenopausal patients with T2DM with OP. HOMA-IR, TyG, and METS-IR in the OP group were lower than those in the non-OP group (all P < 0.05). Weighted multiple linear regression after adjusting covariates showed that METS-IR was positively correlated with the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and hip BMD (βMETS-IR = 0.006,0.005,0.005, all P < 0.001). The results of weighted Logistic regression and GAM showed that when METS-IR < 44.5, each unit of increased METS-IR value was associated with a decreased OP risk of 12% (P = 0.002). When METS-IR ≥ 44.5, there was no significant correlation between METS-IR and the risk of OP (OR = 1.00, P = 0.934). Similar trends were not observed in HOMA-IR and TyG. The ROC suggested helpful discriminative power of the METS-IR index for T2DM. We confirmed that METS-IR, as a novel alternative marker of IR, had a positive association with BMD in postmenopausal patients with T2DM, and METS-IR was a protective factor for OP in a specific range.

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The Association Between METS-IR and Serum Ferritin Level in United States Female: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on NHANES

Cited by 11 publications

References 33 publications

The association of body mass index and weight waist adjustment index with serum ferritin in a national study of US adults

The association of body mass index and weight waist adjustment index with serum ferritin in a national study of US adults

Association between lean body mass to visceral fat mass ratio and bone mineral density in United States population: a cross-sectional study

The metabolic score of insulin resistance is positively correlated with bone mineral density in postmenopausal patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

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