The Association between Occupational Stress and Mental Health among Chinese Soccer Referees in the Early Stage of Reopening Soccer Matches during the COVID-19 Pandemic Outbreak: A Moderated Mediation Model

Liu, Zongyu; Zhao, Liangyu; Wang, Shuzhen; Gao, Yubo; Zhang, Liguo

doi:10.3390/ijerph192416750

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Our study supports previous research indicating a significant direct effect of job stress on various Chinese workers, including soccer referees (Liu et al, 2022), emergency physicians (Jiang et al, 2022;Tian et al, 2022), and healthcare workers (Ge et al, 2021). This aligns with the broader ERI literature, which consistently points out the negative impacts of imbalances between efforts and rewards on workrelated outcomes (Deng et al, 2021;Fei et al, 2023), demonstrating the ERI model's wide applicability across different occupational contexts in China.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Testing a chain mediation model of effort-reward imbalance, Confucian values, job satisfaction, and intention to quit among Chinese vocational education teachers

Wang,

Shi

2024

Front. Psychol.

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ContextThis research delves into the significant impact of Confucian Values on the societal fabric of China, particularly in the realm of vocational education. In this setting, these principles are instrumental in guiding both educators and students. The study employs the Culture-Value Structure (CVS) model to dissect the intricate dynamics between Confucian Values, the Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI), educators’ job satisfaction, and their inclination toward leaving the profession. Teachers in vocational education, who are often regarded as moral guides, play a pivotal role in the ethical and social upbringing of students. Adopting Confucian values not only promotes academic success but also nurtures all-round development, equipping students for conscientious societal roles. In the backdrop of Confucian influence, these educators face substantial stressors in the workplace due to varied demands. The ERI model, proposed by Siegrist, serves as a tool to comprehend the stress experienced when there is a disproportion between efforts and rewards. This study delves into how ERI correlates with job satisfaction among vocational education teachers, with a focus on the modifying effect of Confucian values. Additionally, it examines the potential role of job satisfaction in mediating the relationship between ERI and the tendency to consider leaving the job. The research illuminates the complex interrelation of cultural values, occupational stress, job contentment, and career decision-making in the context of vocational education in China.MethodologyThe research involved a group of 332 Vocational education teachers from diverse Chinese institutions. Through thorough statistical analysis, the study validated the model’s effectiveness, notably indicating a substantial direct impact of ERI on the Intention to Quit.FindingsThe investigation pinpointed Factors I (Integrity), II (Confucian Ethos), and IV (Moderation) as key determinants of job satisfaction. Notably, an increase in job satisfaction was found to inversely relate to the likelihood of leaving the profession, implying it could lessen the propensity to resign. The research applied a Chain Mediation Model to elucidate the influence of ERI on the decision to quit, mediated by various factors. The findings highlight the complex interaction of elements influencing teachers’ decisions to leave, showcasing the utility of sophisticated statistical methodologies in decoding complex social dynamics.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Testing a chain mediation model of effort-reward imbalance, Confucian values, job satisfaction, and intention to quit among Chinese vocational education teachers

Wang,

Shi

2024

Front. Psychol.

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“…Moreover, some studies have suggested that the probability of suffering from mental illness may be reduced among athletes involved in team sports compared to those engaging in individual sports [ 4 , 8 ]. An increased sense of belonging and greater accessibility to social support could explain these differences [ 9 , 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental Health in First- and Second-Division Soccer Players: A Cross-Sectional Study

Bonet,

Benito,

Usó

et al. 2024

Sports

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Background: The benefits of sport in mental health have been broadly studied. However, few studies have examined these outcomes in high-performance athletes. We aimed to analyze the state of the mental health of the Villarreal Soccer Club’s first- (FD) and second-division (SD) players and the possible mediating effects of sex and professional category. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with an initial sample of 108 soccer players (final sample n = 54). Data from MINI, HARS, HDRS, BARRAT-11 and SCSRQ questionnaires were analyzed. Results: The mean age was 23.41 years (SD = 4.56) and 61.1% (n = 33) were men. A proportion of 24.1% (n = 13) stated that they had undergone mental health treatment, 7.4% (n = 4) had taken psychotropic drugs, and 2.1% (n = 1) had made a suicide attempt. Differences were observed between the FD and SD players in terms of the sensitivity to punishment (t = −2.2; p = 0.033), overall impulsivity (t = −3.1; p = 0.003), unplanned impulsivity (t = 3.4; p = 0.001), and the HDRS (U = −110.5; p = 0.004), HARS-Total (U = −104.0; p = 0.006) and HARS-Psychological subscale scores (U = −104.0; p = 0.001). Differences were also observed between the female and male SD players for the HARS-Somatic subscale (U = 136.5; p = 0.028). Conclusion: The low values obtained in the clinical scales, together with the reported psychopathological histories, suggested that the Villareal players showed better mental health than the general population.

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“…For football referees, physical fitness and professional skills are the foundations of their career development. After being quarantined at home for a long time, they will worry about the decline of physical strength and the occupational pressure caused by poor professional skills in the early days of sports competitions [ 39 ]. A study of French athletes showed higher anxiety scores when they returned to competition after COVID-19 [ 40 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In short, the current studies on the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on quality of life mostly focus on medical staff and students, and most of the studies in the sports industry also focus on athletes, with little research on football referees. To our knowledge, there are no more than 30 studies on the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on football referees, and most of them focus on physical function, professional skills, and mental health, while there is only one piece of literature on Chinese football referees [ 39 ]. Therefore, based on the stressor theory model and the job demand-resource model, this paper explores the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on the quality of life of Chinese football referees as well as the influencing mechanisms of occupational stress and job burnout.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of COVID-19 lockdown on the quality of life of Chinese football referees: the chain mediating role of occupational stress and job burnout

Wang,

Zong,

Gao

et al. 2023

BMC Public Health

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Background COVID-19 lockdown measures have had a great negative impact on the development of sports competition in China, as well as on the quality of life of football referees. This study aims to explore the impact of lockdown measures implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic on the quality of life of football referees in China and its mechanism of action. Methods The Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), the Effort–Reward Imbalance Scale (ERI), the Maslach Burnout Inventory General Survey (MBI-GS), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF). The scale was used from August to September 2022. Using an online questionnaire, 350 questionnaires were sent out and 338 were returned, for a return rate of 96.57%. Invalid questionnaires were excluded, and 307 football referees with referee grades in 29 provinces registered with the CFA were surveyed. SPSS 24.0 and Mplus 8.0 were used for data analysis and structural equation model testing in this study. Results The results showed that the COVID-19 lockdown had no significant impact on the quality of life of Chinese football referees. However, the COVID-19 lockdown can affect the quality of life of Chinese football referees through occupational stress or job burnout. Occupational stress and job burnout also play a chain intermediary role between the COVID-19 lockdown and the quality of life of Chinese football referees. In addition, this study further explores the quality of life by dividing it into four dimensions (physical, social, psychological, and environmental). The results show that all four dimensions satisfy the chain mediation model. Conclusions Therefore, the quality of life of Chinese football referees can be improved by reducing their occupational stress and job burnout during the COVID-19 lockdown.

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The Association between Occupational Stress and Mental Health among Chinese Soccer Referees in the Early Stage of Reopening Soccer Matches during the COVID-19 Pandemic Outbreak: A Moderated Mediation Model

Cited by 5 publications

References 66 publications

Testing a chain mediation model of effort-reward imbalance, Confucian values, job satisfaction, and intention to quit among Chinese vocational education teachers

Testing a chain mediation model of effort-reward imbalance, Confucian values, job satisfaction, and intention to quit among Chinese vocational education teachers

Mental Health in First- and Second-Division Soccer Players: A Cross-Sectional Study

The impact of COVID-19 lockdown on the quality of life of Chinese football referees: the chain mediating role of occupational stress and job burnout

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