The association between oral leukoplakia and use of tobacco, alcohol and that based on relative risks assessment in Kenya

Macigo, FG; Mwaniki, Dennis; Guthua, Symon W.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0722.1995.tb00025.x

Cited by 53 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…It is generally agreed that tobacco consumption is a major aetiological factor for OED and many studies have shown an overrepresentation of tobacco smokers amongst patients with OED [8][9][10][11]. In this study tobacco smoking was recorded in at least 74.2% of patients with OED compared with 49.0% in healthy controls thus confirm the significance of tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption as risk factors in the aetiology of OED.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…Tobacco and alcohol use is accepted as the most important risk factors for oral potentially malignant lesions [7,8] and OED [9][10][11][12]. Exposure to cigarette smoke may result in folate deficiency via chemical inactivation and thus render the epithelium more susceptible to neoplastic transformation by the carcinogenic hydrocarbons of tobacco smoke [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hematinic Deficiency and the risk of Oral Epithelial Dysplasia

Jaber¹

2017

Mouth Teeth

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Oral squamous cell carcinoma could be preceded by clinically evident oral potentially malignant disorders harboring oral epithelial dysplasia (OED. Hematinic deficiencies are associated with certain potentially malignant disorders and cancerous lesions. The aims of this study were: to evaluate the circulating levels of vitamin B 12 , folate status in patients with OED and to assess the impact tobacco smoking on these levels. To evaluate the circulating level of vitamin B 12 , serum folate, red blood cells folate among OED patients. Data were collected from 120 patients with OED and 120 healthy control Subjects matched for age and gender, selected from patients with oral diseases not caused by tobacco or alcohol or related to knowing hematinic deficiency. Most of patients with OED were current smokers of more than 20 cigarettes per day for more than 20 years compared with normal healthy control. A significant decrease in the serum levels of folate, red blood cell folate was found in OED compared to normal tobacco smokers (p<0.05). No significant differences in vitamin B 12 was found between OED cases and normal control subjects. These findings support the notion that OED may develop in persons who expose to tobacco smoking and have low folate level.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hematinic Deficiency and the risk of Oral Epithelial Dysplasia

Jaber¹

2017

Mouth Teeth

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“…While smoking tobacco is associated with an increased risk of oral leukoplakia [10][11][12][13][14][15], follow-up studies of persons with leukoplakia have often reported that smokers have a lower transformation rate to oral cancer than do non-smokers [5,[16][17][18]. Further, while alcohol consumption is clearly a risk factor for oral and pharyngeal cancer, the role of alcohol is more equivocal in terms oral leukoplakia, with some investigations revealing weak to moderate associations [11,19,20] but others finding no relationship [12,13,15,21]. Moreover, in a recent report from Taiwan, smoking, but not drinking, was found to be an important risk factor in the development of oral leukoplakia, while drinking was more important than smoking in the malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking and drinking in relation to oral cancer and oral epithelial dysplasia

Morse

Psoter

Cleveland

et al. 2007

Cancer Causes Control

142

125

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Objective-Risks associated with smoking and drinking are not necessarily constant over the multistage pathway to oral cancer. We investigated whether smoking and drinking patterns differ for persons with oral cancer (OC) relative to those with oral epithelial dysplasia (OED), a precancerous condition.Methods-Incident cases of OC and OED were interviewed using a questionnaire containing questions on smoking and drinking. Odds ratios (ORs) compared the odds of smoking and drinking among persons with OC relative to OED.Results-No adjusted ORs for smoking achieved statistical significance; however, most were <1.0. The odds of OC relative to OED increased with drinking level; the adjusted OR for 19+ drinks/week was 3.03 (1.56-5.87). Age drinking began and years of drinking were not notably different for OC and OED cases; a higher proportion of OC cases reported discontinuing alcohol for 9+ years before diagnosis. Conclusions-The relationship between smoking and OED was at least as strong as that for smoking and OC, suggesting that smoking may have its greatest impact on oral carcinogenesis prior

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“…there was a higher relative frequency of occurrence of oral mucosal white lesions in chewers than in non-chewers). Only Macigo et al [43] reported an association that was not statistically significant. Although the point estimate of the effect size they reported is closer to 2, the 95% confidence interval (CI) embraced 1, rendering the association insignificant.…”

Section: The Association Of Khat Chewing and Orodental Healthmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Of the 19 studies, 15 [14][15][16][17][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] were carried out in Yemen, three [18,43,44] were from Kenya and one [45] was from Israel (conducted among people of Yemeni origin). In terms of design, 15 were cross-sectional, three were experimental (both in vivo and in vitro) and one was a case-control study.…”

Section: Description Of the Original Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association of khat (Catha edulis) chewing and orodental health: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2014

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Background. It has been claimed that chewing khat (Catha edulis), a plant common in parts of eastern and southern Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, is associated with a range of orodental problems. Objective. To provide a synthesis of the evidence on the association between khat chewing and orodental health. Method. A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that reported on the association of khat chewing and outcomes related to orodental health identified through a systematic search using web-based electronic search engines. Results. Nineteen studies were found suitable for this review. Of these, between two and five (based on the type of outcome measured) were suitable for meta-analysis. The rest were used only for qualitative synthesis. A meta-analysis of the association of khat chewing with mucosal white lesions, gum recession, periodontal pocketing and gum bleeding showed that chewing increased the odds of the respective oral problems. However, qualitative synthesis of the findings on the effect of khat chewing on oral micro-organisms showed no evidence that the practice favours the presence of pathogenic micro-organisms in the oral cavity -instead, it seems to favour the proliferation of micro-organisms compatible with orodental health. Conclusion. Khat chewing is associated with adverse orodental health outcomes. While literature on the topic is scarce and there is a need for generation of more evidence from different countries, on the basis of the evidence accumulated to date, public health officials and health practitioners should consider khat a threat to orodental health and take appropriate action.

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The association between oral leukoplakia and use of tobacco, alcohol and that based on relative risks assessment in Kenya

Cited by 53 publications

References 10 publications

Hematinic Deficiency and the risk of Oral Epithelial Dysplasia

Hematinic Deficiency and the risk of Oral Epithelial Dysplasia

Smoking and drinking in relation to oral cancer and oral epithelial dysplasia

The association of khat (Catha edulis) chewing and orodental health: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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