The association between osteoporosis and quality of life among older adults in Southern Iran: findings from the Bushehr Elderly Health Program

Abstract

Background & objective Osteoporosis is a growing public health concern, particularly among the aging population. This study aimed to evaluate the association between osteoporosis and quality of life (QoL) in a sample of older adults. Methods This cross-sectional study utilized data from all the participants of Bushehr Elderly Health program (BEHP), phase 2. QoL was assessed using the 12-Item Short Form Survey (SF-12 Questionnaire), and participants were classified as having osteoporosis or not based on the WHO diagnostic criteria. The physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) component summaries of QoL were estimated. The association between osteoporosis and QoL was evaluated separately for men and women, considering various health and lifestyle factors using linear regression analysis. Results The study included 2,399 participants (average age 71.27 ± 7.36 years). 1,246 were women and 1,153 were men. Osteoporosis was present in 59% of women and 23% of men. Participants with osteoporosis had significantly lower PCS scores compared to those without osteoporosis (women: 38.1 vs. 40.2, p < 0.001; men: 44.3 vs. 45.8, p: 0.002). However, there was no statistically significant difference in MCS scores. Stratified by sex, osteoporosis was significantly associated with PCS in women [β = -2.14 (-3.13, -1.15)] and men [β = -1.53 (-2.52, -0.54)]. After accounting for relevant variables, the association remained significant in women [β=-0.95 (-1.87, -0.03)], but not in men [β=-0.63 (-1.55,0.28)]. Conclusion This study highlights the significant association between osteoporosis and the physical component of QoL in both older men and women, particularly among women. Further research and interventions focusing on enhancing physical QoL in individuals with osteoporosis are warranted to promote healthier aging.