This study investigates the reading engagement of four middle school English learners in their English or English as a Second Language classroom. Students with high levels of reading engagement are those who (a) are motivated to read, (b) use strategies when reading, (c) use reading as a way to construct meaning from texts, and (d) participate in social interactions around reading (Guthrie & Wigfield, 2000). This study focuses on all four aspects of reading engagement and explores whether there are any additional components that should be considered with English learners' reading engagement. Data included in this case study research include semi-structured interviews, field notes from classroom observations, comprehension assessments, reading activity inventories, and student artifacts. Findings from this case study research indicate that all four components are essential to consider with English learners' reading engagement. Results of this study also reveal that English learners' identities are an essential component of their reading engagement.
Keywords: reading engagement, English learners, reading motivationIn recent years, researchers have given more attention to reading engagement, particularly at the secondary level (e.g., Guthrie, Wigfield, & Klauda, 2012;O'Brien & Dillon, 2008) because of studies that have shown a relationship between reading engagement and reading achievement (Guthrie, McRae, & Klauda, 2007;Morgan & Fuchs, 2007;Mucherah & Yoder, 2008). Many reading engagement studies have focused primarily on native-English-speaking students. There is little research which has focused specifically on English learners' (ELs) reading engagement, particularly for middle grades ELs.The middle grades are a critical and complex transition period for ELs (Bishop, Allen-Malley, & Brinegar, 2007;Brinegar, 2010;Walqui et al., 2010), and transitioning to middle school can be even more tenuous for ELs (Virtue, 2007(Virtue, , 2009). Middle school is also the time when students generally exhibit a decline in reading motivation and reading engagement (Loera, Rueda, & Nakamoto, 2011;McKenna, Conradi, This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/ 4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. In a previous study, I explored elementary ELs' reading motivation and found that ELs who were motivated readers wanted to read English texts because of social motivation, instrumental motivation, and high levels of perceived competence (Protacio, 2012). Given the research that has shown reading motivation (an integral part of reading engagement) steeply declines when students transition to the middle grades (e.g., McKenna et al., 2012), I wanted to know more about how ELs' reading engagement might change in a middle level setting.Despite the promise of improving reading engagement as a way to facilitate ELs' re...