The association between perceived racial discrimination and subclinical symptoms of psychosis

Lopez, Daisy; Altamirano, Olivia; Mamani, Amy Weisman de

doi:10.1080/09638237.2020.1793120

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Sociodemographic factors, such as ethnic minority and migrant status, are robustly associated with psychosis onset [ 80 ], an effect that is likely attributable in part to psychosocial stress [ 107 ]. For example, being a first-, second- or third-generation migrant is associated with higher rates of stressful life events and trauma and low sociodemographic status [ 108 - 110 ], whilst perceived racial discrimination increases the severity of depression, anxiety, and stress as well as PLEs [ 111 ]. In contrast to studies of patients with established psychosis, CHR-P individuals are not more likely to be ethnic minorities compared to healthy controls [ 112 ].…”

Section: Psychosocial Stressorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Translational Future of Stress Neurobiology and Psychosis Vulnerability: A Review of the Evidence

Cullen

Labad

Oliver

et al. 2024

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Psychosocial stress is a well-established risk factor for psychosis, yet the neurobiological mechanisms underlying this relationship have yet to be fully elucidated. Much of the research in this field has investigated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function and immuno-inflammatory processes among individuals with established psychotic disorders. However, as such studies are limited in their ability to provide knowledge that can be used to develop preventative interventions, it is important to shift the focus to individuals with increased vulnerability for psychosis (i.e., high-risk groups). In the present article, we provide an overview of the current methods for identifying individuals at high-risk for psychosis and review the psychosocial stressors that have been most consistently associated with psychosis risk. We then describe a network of interacting physiological systems that are hypothesised to mediate the relationship between psychosocial stress and the manifestation of psychotic illness and critically review evidence that abnormalities within these systems characterise high risk populations. We found that studies of high-risk groups have yielded highly variable findings, likely due to (i) the heterogeneity both within and across high-risk samples, (ii) the diversity of psychosocial stressors implicated in psychosis, and (iii) that most studies examine single markers of isolated neurobiological systems. We propose that to move the field forward, we require well-designed, large- scale translational studies that integrate multi-domain, putative stress-related biomarkers to determine their prognostic value in high-risk samples. We advocate that such investigations are highly warranted, given that psychosocial stress is undoubtedly a relevant risk factor for psychotic disorders.

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Section: Psychosocial Stressorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Translational Future of Stress Neurobiology and Psychosis Vulnerability: A Review of the Evidence

Cullen

Labad

Oliver

et al. 2024

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“…Racial discrimination is positively associated with subthreshold psychotic experiences [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. Findings from two epidemiological studies in the United States of America found that increased perceived racial discrimination was associated with higher auditory and visual hallucinations and delusional ideation [22].…”

Section: Racial Discrimination and Schizotypymentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Risk: Gender and Racial Differences in the Relationship between Trauma, Discrimination, and Schizotypy

Monette,

Russell,

Abel

et al. 2024

Behavioral Sciences

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Traumatic experiences are associated with increased experiences of positive schizotypy. This may be especially important for People of Color, who experience higher rates of trauma and racial discrimination. No study to date has examined how racial disparities in traumatic experiences may impact schizotypy. Furthermore, of the studies that have examined the relationship between trauma and schizotypy, none have examined racial discrimination as a potential moderator. The present study examined if racial discrimination moderates the relationship between trauma and multidimensional (positive, negative, and disorganized) schizotypy. In a sample of 770 college students, we conducted chi-squared analyses, analyses of variance, and stepwise regressions. We found that Black students experienced significantly higher racial discrimination and trauma than Latinx and Asian students. Furthermore, Black and Latinx students experienced significantly more multidimensional schizotypy items than Asian students. Trauma and racial discrimination explained 8 to 23% of the variance in each dimension of schizotypy. Racial discrimination did not moderate the relationships between trauma and multidimensional schizotypy. Our findings suggest that we need to examine risk factors that may prevent recovery from psychotic disorders. Additionally, disorganized schizotypy showed the most robust associations and may be a critical site of intervention.

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“…Trauma and racial discrimination are two critical experiences with implications for MHCU among those experincing PLEs (Anglin et al, 2014; Redman et al, 2017). Discrimination has been associated with PLEs (Anglin et al, 2018; Lopez et al, 2020; Oh et al, 2016) and implicated in the progression from attenuated symptoms to full threshold psychosis (Stowkowy et al, 2016), suggesting a role for discrimination in the development of psychosis. Moreover, experiences of discrimination have been linked with increased health care system distrust (Armstrong et al, 2013), contributing to lower utilization of services (LaVeist et al, 2009).…”

Section: Psychosis-like Experiences Trauma and Racial Discriminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental health care utilization in individuals with high levels of psychosis-like experiences: Associations with race and potentially traumatic events.

Petti¹,

Klaunig²,

Smith³

et al. 2023

Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology

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Objective: Racial inequities in mental health care utilization (MHCU) are well documented. Marginalized racial groups are more likely to report psychosis-like experiences (PLEs) and are at elevated risk for racial discrimination and trauma, impacting PLE severity. Little is known about how factors associated with race impact treatment seeking among individuals reporting PLEs. The present study examined associations between race, trauma, discrimination, PLEs, and MHCU among people endorsing high levels of PLEs. Method: Participants were Asian/Asian American, Black/African American, or White/European American college students ages 18–25 years meeting PLE self-report measure cutoff scores (N = 177). Binary logistic and multiple linear regressions were used to examine associations between past, current, and prospective MHCU and race, potentially traumatic events, discrimination, and PLEs. Results: Participants endorsing more PLEs were more likely to report past and current treatment and to be considering future services. Asian/Asian American and Black/African American participants were less likely to endorse past, current, and prospective future mental health care. Potentially traumatic events predicted increased utilization of past treatment. Conclusions: Results suggest service differences among participants, such that Black/African American and Asian/Asian American young adults reporting PLEs were less likely than White/European American counterparts to seek treatment even when accounting for traumatic events and discrimination. These findings highlight the need to further elucidate MHCU among marginalized racial groups experiencing psychosis-like symptoms.

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The association between perceived racial discrimination and subclinical symptoms of psychosis

Cited by 7 publications

References 41 publications

The Translational Future of Stress Neurobiology and Psychosis Vulnerability: A Review of the Evidence

The Translational Future of Stress Neurobiology and Psychosis Vulnerability: A Review of the Evidence

Differential Risk: Gender and Racial Differences in the Relationship between Trauma, Discrimination, and Schizotypy

Mental health care utilization in individuals with high levels of psychosis-like experiences: Associations with race and potentially traumatic events.

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