The association between self-reported lack of sleep, low vitality and impaired glucose tolerance: a Swedish cross-sectional study

Abstract

BackgroundThe increased incidence of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), are serious public health issues, and several studies link sleeping disorders with increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance (IR). This study explore how self-reported lack of sleep and low vitality, are associated with IGT in a representative Swedish population.MethodsA cross-sectional survey conducted in two municipalities in South-western Sweden. Participants aged 30–75 were randomly selected from the population in strata by sex and age. Altogether, 2,816 participants were surveyed with a participation rates at 76%. Participants with normal glucose tolerance (n=2,314), and those with IGT (n=213) were retained for analyses. The participants answered a questionnaire before the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Associations for questions concerning sleeping disorders, vitality and IGT were analysed using logistic regression and were expressed as odds ratios (OR) with 95% CI.ResultsIn men a statistically significant age-adjusted association was found between self-reported lack of sleep and IGT: OR 2.4 (95% CI: 1.1-5.4). It did not weaken after further adjustment for body mass index (BMI), smoking, education, and leisure time physical activity 2.3 (1.0-5.5, p=0.044). No such associations were found in females. Corresponding age-adjusted associations between low vitality and IGT in both men 2.8 (1.3-5.8), and women 2.0 (1.2-3.4) were successively lost with increasing adjustment.ConclusionsInsufficient sleep seems independently associated with IGT in men, while low vitality was not independently associated with IGT neither in men nor women, when multiple confounders are considered. IGT should be considered in patients presenting these symptoms, and underlying mechanisms further explored.

Sleep Optimization and Diabetes Control: A Review of the Literature

“…Severely short sleep, defined by some as ≤5 h per night, as well as insomnia has been previously linked to a significantly increased risk of T2DM [ 18 ] and increased insulin resistance [ 39 ] through validated sleep measures. Lack of self-reported sleep [ 40 ] as well as sleep debt [ 41 ] has also been linked to the condition. These sleep outcomes (insomnia, lack of sleep and sleep debt) may be due to poor-quality sleep, which has resulted in researchers investigating this in relation to diabetes.…”

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“… 30 Consistently, a study from Sweden confirmed that short sleep duration in men was associated with an increased incidence of diabetes 31 and impaired glucose tolerance. 32 Recent studies reported that both short and long sleep durations were associated with diabetes in men but not in women. 33–35 …”

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“…)”], exercise habits (yes/no answers to “Do you exercise more than 30 minutes, more than twice in a week and have continued this exercise habit for more than one year?”), and self-reported sufficiency of sleep (yes/no answers to “Getting enough sleep?”). We included the self-reported sufficiency of sleep as a CVD risk factor because of a previous study’s suggestion that self-reported lack of sleep was associated with impaired glucose tolerance ( 23 ).…”

“…"), and selfreported sufficiency of sleep (yes/no answers to "Getting enough sleep?"). We included the self-reported sufficiency of sleep as a CVD risk factor because of a previous study's suggestion that self-reported lack of sleep was associated with impaired glucose tolerance (23).…”