The association between smoking status and hospital length of stay: evidence from a hospital-based cohort

Rezaei, Satar; Sari, Ali Akbari; Arab, Mohammad; Majdzadeh, Reza; Shaahmadi, Faramarz; Mohammadpoorasl, Asghar

doi:10.1080/21548331.2016.1178579

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Unlike a previous study that reported having a smoking history is associated with higher risk of comorbidities, mortality and length of hospital stay [33], we found that not having a smoking history was associated with longer duration of stay, but this could be due to the small sample size in our study. 33 In addition, due to the cross-sectional study design, we were not able to draw a causal inference. Previous studies reported that marital status can affect the length of stay at hospital; this could be due psychological and social causes, as unmarried patients usually suffer a more severe form of illness compared to married patients.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Cost of hospitalisation and length of stay due to hypoglycaemia in patients with diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study

Naser¹,

Alwafi²,

Alsairafi³

2020

Pharm Pract (Granada)

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Objective: This study aims to estimate the length of stay and hospitalisation cost of hypoglycaemia, and to identify determinants of variation in the length of stay and hospitalisation cost among individual patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using inpatients records for patients with diabetes mellitus who had been hospitalised due to hypoglycaemic events in two private hospitals in Amman, Jordan between January 2009 and May 2017. All hospitalisation costs were inflated to the equivalent costs in 2017. Hospitalisation cost was estimated from the patient’s perspective in Jordanian dinars (JOD). Descriptive analyses and correlation between sociodemographic or clinical characteristics with the cost and length of stay were explored. Predictors of hypoglycaemic hospitalisation cost and length of stay were determined using logistic regression. Results: During the study period a total of 126 patients with diabetes mellitus were hospitalised due to an incident of hypoglycaemia. The mean patient age was 64.2 (SD=19.6) years; half were male. Patients admitted for hypoglycaemia stayed in hospital for a median duration of two days (IQR=2 days). The median cost of hospitalisation for hypoglycaemia was 163.2 JOD (USD 230.1) (IQR=216.3 JOD). We found that the Glasgow coma score was positively associated with length of stay (0.345, p=0.008), and older age was correlated with higher hospitalisation cost (0.207, p=0.02). Patients with a family history of diabetes had higher hospitalisation costs and longer duration of stay (0.306 and 0.275, p<0.05). In addition, being a male patient (0.394, p<0.05) and with an absence of smoking history was associated with longer duration of stay (0.456, p<0.01), but not with higher hospitalisation cost. Conclusions: Costs associated with the incidence of hypoglycaemic events are not low and constitute a large cost component of managing and treating diabetes mellitus. Male patients and patients having a family history of diabetes should receive extra care and education on the prevention of hypoglycaemic events, and a treatment de-intensification approach should be considered if necessary, so we can prevent its associated hospitalisation costs and length of stay.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Cost of hospitalisation and length of stay due to hypoglycaemia in patients with diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study

Naser¹,

Alwafi²,

Alsairafi³

2020

Pharm Pract (Granada)

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“…62,63 In this study, only 17.5% patients smoked at admission which was a relatively low ratio compared to previous findings, 4,64 and 45% patients already quitted smoking which was a higher ratio compared to another study. 65 While current smokers and former smokers were found to have a longer LOS, [66][67][68] non-smokers in this study were found to have longer LOS when compared with current smokers in this study. Upon an in-depth investigation, the average age of the smoking population in this study was lower (73.4 vs 79.8 years old) and the smokers in this study might have a milder condition and so a shorter LOS.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 41%

Factors Influencing the Length of Hospital Stay Among Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in Macao Population: A Retrospective Study of Inpatient Health Record

Li¹,

Cheng²,

Ku³

et al. 2021

COPD

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This study aims to identify the effects of patient and clinical therapy factors on the length of hospital stay (LOS) for admission due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Macao. Patients and Methods: Health record of patients with COPD admitted to Kiang Wu Hospital from January 2017 to December 2019 was retrospectively analyzed. Demographic information, blood test results, clinical therapies, and LOS were described and analyzed by multivariable regression. Results: A total of 1116 admissions were included with the average LOS being 12.28 (±9.23) days. Among them, 735 (66.6%) were male with mean age 79.42 (±10.35) years old, 697 were current or previous smokers (62.5%), and 360 (32.2%) had 3 or more comorbidities. During hospitalization, the most common treatments received were oxygen therapy (n=991,88.8%), antibiotics (n=828,74.2%), and systemic steroids (n=596,53.4%); only 120 (10.8%) had pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) and 128 (11.5%) received noninvasive ventilation (NIV). Inhaled medications were used during nearly 95% of hospitalization cases, while 2 and 3 types of inhaled medications were used during 230 (20.6%) and 582 (52.2%) hospitalization cases, respectively. Patient factors including age (B=0.

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“…The average LoS for current and former smokers was 9.4±8.4 days and 7.3±5.3 days, respectively, while for never smokers it was 6.02±5.05 days. This finding are consistent with the reports of previous studies in Japan ( 15 ) and USA ( 10 ) and Iran ( 22 ). Moreover, Izumi et al found that the hospitalization rate of current plus former smokers was 26% (in males) and 22% (in females) higher than in never smokers ( 15 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…This study found that the total cost of hospitalization for the current and former smoker categories were respectively 65% and 26% higher in unadjusted model and 35% and 24% in the adjusted model higher than for the never smoker category of patients. These findings are in line with other studies that have reported increased costs in current and former smoker patients compared to never smokers ( 2 , 11 , 14 , 15 , 22 ). A study in Germany reported a positive association between history of smoking, and direct and indirect costs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Does smoking status affect cost of hospitalization? Evidence from three main diseases associated with smoking in Iran

Sari

Rezaei

Arab

et al. 2017

Med. J. Islam. Republic Iran

Self Cite

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Background: Smoking is recognized as one of the main public health problems worldwide and is accounted for a high financial burden to healthcare systems and the society as a whole. This study was aimed at examining the effect of smoking status on cost of hospitalization among patients with lung cancer (LC), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and ischemic heart diseases (IHD) in Iran in 2014. Methods: A total of 1,271 patients (consisting of 415 LC, 427 COPD and 429 IHD patients) were included in the study. Data on age, sex, and insurance status, length of hospital stay and cost of hospitalization were extracted from the medical records of the patients. The smoking status of the patients was obtained through a telephone survey. A generalized linear model (GLM) was used to compare the costs of hospitalization of current, former and never smokers. The analysis was done using Stata v.12. Results: The mean±SD cost of hospitalization per patient was 45.6 ± 41.8 million IR for current smokers, 34.8±23 million IR for former smokers and 27.6±24.6 million IR for never smokers, respectively. The findings indicated that the cost of hospitalization for current and former smokers was 65% and 26% in the unadjusted model and 35% and 24% in the adjusted model higher than for never smokers. Conclusion: The findings revealed that smoking drains a large hospital resource and imposes a high financial burden on the health system and the society. Therefore, efforts should focus on reducing the prevalence of smoking and the negative economic consequences of smoking.

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The association between smoking status and hospital length of stay: evidence from a hospital-based cohort

Cited by 15 publications

References 16 publications

Cost of hospitalisation and length of stay due to hypoglycaemia in patients with diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study

Cost of hospitalisation and length of stay due to hypoglycaemia in patients with diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study

Factors Influencing the Length of Hospital Stay Among Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in Macao Population: A Retrospective Study of Inpatient Health Record

Does smoking status affect cost of hospitalization? Evidence from three main diseases associated with smoking in Iran

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