“…Therefore, we used end-of-the-semester student ratings of teachers as a measure of teacher effectiveness. Considerable evidence supports the validity of student evaluations: Student ratings are consistent over time and across raters; correlate positively with expert, colleague, and administrator ratings; are independent of extraneous characteristics or characteristics of the students themselves; correlate significantly with how much students actually learn; and, last, do not change appreciably with greater age of the student rater and reflection by the student (Abrami, dApollonia, & Cohen, 1990;Centra, 1979;Cohen, 1981;Feldman, 1989aFeldman, , 1989bHoward, Conway, & Maxwell, 1985;Kulik & Kulik, 1974;Leventhal, Perry, & Abrami, 1977;Marsh, 1984;McKeachie, 1979;Trent & Cohen, 1973). Thus, student evaluations seem to be a valid means of evaluating teacher effectiveness.…”