Abstract. The present study aimed to examine the impact of a 3-bp indel (rs57408770) polymorphism within the pre-microRNA (miR)-3131 polymorphism on prostate cancer (PCa) risk in a sample of an Iranian population. In total, 340 subjects, including 177 patients with PCa and 170 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia, were enrolled in the present case-control study. A mismatch polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method was designed for genotyping the 3-bp indel (rs57408770) polymorphism. The present findings demonstrated that the indel variant significantly increased the risk of PCa in codominant [odds ratio (OR)=2.23, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.13-4.37; P=0.021, insertion (ins)/ins vs. deletion (del)/del] and recessive (OR=2.33, 95% CI=1.25-4.36; P=0.009, ins/ins vs. del/del + del/ins). In conclusion, to the best of our knowledge, the present findings for the first time proposed that a 3-bp indel variant of miR-3131 may be a risk factor for susceptibility to PCa in a sample of an Iranian population. Further studies with different ethnicities and larger sample sizes are required to validate the present findings.
IntroductionProstate cancer (PCa), the second most common malignancy in men, is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related mortality among men globally (1). The incidence rate of PCa in Iran is lower than that in the rest of the world (2-4). Despite the high prevalence of PCa, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the development and progression of PCa. It has been proposed that genomic and environmental factors contribute to the development and progression of PCa (5-8). Twin studies have indicated that 42% of the variation in PCa risk may be attributed to genetics (9). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), the most common type of genetic variation in the human genome, have been demonstrated to be associated with the risk of developing PCa (10-12).MicroRNA (miR) are small, non-coding, endogenous, single-stranded RNA molecules that are ~22 nucleotides in length (13,14). They regulate gene expression by directing sequence-specific degradation or inhibiting translation of target mRNA (13,14). Mounting evidence has suggested that mutation or SNPs in miR genes may affect target-binding activity, expression, or processes of mature miR, thus affecting the expression of their target genes (15,16). Polymorphisms in mature and/or pre-miR sequences may affect miR biogenesis and be associated with the development of various types of cancer (17-21). Small insertions and deletion (indels) polymorphisms are one of the most common genetic alterations in the human genome that influence human traits and diseases (22,23). There is limited information regarding the association between pre-miR-3131 polymorphisms and cancer risk. Recently, Wang et al (20) investigated the impact of a 3-bp indel polymorphism (rs57408770) in pre-miR-3131 on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and observed that the insertion (ins) allele significantly increased the risk of HCC in a Chinese population. ...