The association between the density of retail tobacco outlets, individual smoking status, neighbourhood socioeconomic status and school locations in New South Wales, Australia

Marashi-Pour, Sadaf; Cretikos, Michelle; Lyons, Claudine; Rose, Nick; Jalaludin, Bin; Smith, Joanne

doi:10.1016/j.sste.2014.09.001

Cited by 57 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…One possible explanation is the higher tobacco store density in neighbourhoods with lower SES, demonstrated in our study and others. 1221–23 In addition to the current work, Fakunle et al showed a similar inverse relationship between median household income and tobacco store density in another mid-Atlantic region—Prince George’s County, Maryland. 24 It is unclear if and how the presence of tobacco stores directly leads to higher rates of tobacco use in the neighbourhood, but it is likely that the high density of tobacco stores results in the local increase of supply of tobacco products.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…The high density of tobacco stores in low-income neighbourhoods has been documented 9–12 and is the result of several factors, such as lower rental costs in low-income neighbourhoods. The high density of tobacco stores not only increases the supply of tobacco, but is likely to create a competitive local market with reduced product costs, 9 which may result in an accessible and inexpensive product available to socioeconomically vulnerable populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neighbourhood characteristics and health outcomes: evaluating the association between socioeconomic status, tobacco store density and health outcomes in Baltimore City

et al. 2017

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Introduction Several studies suggest that the health of an individual is influenced by the socioeconomic status (SES) of the community in which he or she lives. This analysis seeks to understand the relationship between SES, tobacco store density and health outcomes at the neighbourhood level in a large urban community. Methods Data from the 55 neighbourhoods of Baltimore City were reviewed and parametric tests compared demographics and health outcomes for low-income and high-income neighbourhoods, defined by the 50th percentile in median household income. Summary statistics are expressed as median. Tobacco store density was evaluated as both an outcome and a predictor. Association between tobacco store densities and health outcomes was determined using Moran’s I and spatial regression analyses to account for autocorrelation. Results Compared with higher-income neighbourhoods, lower-income neighbourhoods had higher tobacco store densities (30.5 vs 16.5 stores per 10 000 persons, P=0.01), lower life expectancy (68.5 vs 74.9 years, P<0.001) and higher age-adjusted mortality (130.8 vs 102.1 deaths per 10 000 persons, P<0.001), even when controlling for other store densities, median household income, race, education status and age of residents. Conclusion In Baltimore City, median household income is inversely associated with tobacco store density, indicating poorer neighbourhoods in Baltimore City have greater accessibility to tobacco. Additionally, tobacco store density was linked to lower life expectancy, which underscores the necessity for interventions to reduce tobacco store densities.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neighbourhood characteristics and health outcomes: evaluating the association between socioeconomic status, tobacco store density and health outcomes in Baltimore City

et al. 2017

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“…Several studies document that higher tobacco outlet density in school neighborhoods is associated with higher odds of teens’ ever smoking 8, 9 , current smoking 10, 11 , susceptibility to future smoking 12 , and with greater school-level smoking prevalence 3 . However, other studies report null findings 13, 14 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco outlet density near home and school: Associations with smoking and norms among US teens

Schleicher

Johnson

Fortmann

et al. 2016

Preventive Medicine

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This study examined whether living or going to school in neighborhoods with higher tobacco outlet density is associated with higher odds of cigarette smoking among teens, and with perceptions of greater smoking prevalence and peer approval. Using an Internet panel that is representative of US households, we matched data from teen-parent pairs (n=2,771, surveyed June 2011– December 2012) with environmental data about home and school neighborhoods. Density was measured as the number of tobacco outlets per square mile for a ½-mile roadway service area around each participant’s home and school. Logistic regressions tested relationships between tobacco outlet density near home and schools with ever smoking. Linear regressions tested relationships between density, perceived prevalence and peer approval. Models were adjusted for teen, parent/household and neighborhood characteristics. In total, 41.0% of US teens (ages 13–16) lived within ½ mile of a tobacco outlet, and 44.4% attended school within 1,000 feet of a tobacco outlet. Higher tobacco outlet density near home was associated with higher odds of ever smoking, although the relationship was small, OR=1.01, 95% CI (1.00,1.02). Higher tobacco outlet density near home was also associated with perceptions that more adults smoked, coef.=0.09, 95% CI (0.01,0.17). Higher tobacco outlet density near schools was not associated with any outcomes. Living in neighborhoods with higher tobacco outlet density may contribute to teen smoking by increasing access to tobacco products and by cultivating perceptions that smoking is more prevalent. Policy interventions to restrict tobacco outlet density should not be limited to school environments.

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“…There were a total of 190 nonsmokers (0.8%) who were classified as HWE (Table 1), 1715 (6.9%) nonsmokers who were classified as HE (Table 1), 6.8% nonsmokers were classified as WE, and a total of 80.4% nonsmokers who were classified as NE. Since socioeconomic status (SES) may affect smoking status and possibly exposure to SHS (Bonevski et al, 2014;Martin et al, 2006;Marashi-Pour et al, 2015), a variable for SES based on the family poverty income ratio (PIR) or the ratio of family income to poverty threshold was created. Self-reported family income divided by the poverty threshold income was used to determine PIR specific to a family size and state of the residence as published in U.S. Federal Register to compute PIR (CDC, 2009b).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to second hand smoke at home and work among nonsmokers

Jain¹

2015

Chemosphere

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The association between the density of retail tobacco outlets, individual smoking status, neighbourhood socioeconomic status and school locations in New South Wales, Australia

Cited by 57 publications

References 10 publications

Neighbourhood characteristics and health outcomes: evaluating the association between socioeconomic status, tobacco store density and health outcomes in Baltimore City

Neighbourhood characteristics and health outcomes: evaluating the association between socioeconomic status, tobacco store density and health outcomes in Baltimore City

Tobacco outlet density near home and school: Associations with smoking and norms among US teens

Exposure to second hand smoke at home and work among nonsmokers

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