The association between the perception of crime and walking in gated and non-gated neighbourhoods of Asian developing countries

Gul, Yasmeen; Sultan, Zahid; Jokhio, Gul Ahmed

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00715

Cited by 16 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…It was found that the most important elements in urban design contributing to that sense of identity, of belonging and of a comfortable urban life are physical settings, including landmarks. To examine how the urban form might impact the social aspect of residents' lives, a number of everyday services and facilities can be selected for further scrutiny (Dempsey et al, 2009;Rafiemanzelat, 2016;Gul et al 2018). Researchers such as Salah and Ayad, 2018;Indjy, (2016) and Dempsey et al (2009), whose identified these services and facilities to include both "key" services used by residents on a regular basis and other services that are used less often, but which are nevertheless found within the urban community.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the satisfaction rate for affordable housing in non-gated residential area (NGR): the case of Al-Sharq housing project in Zarqa-Jordan

Shawabkeh

Alzouby

Rjoub

et al. 2020

IJHMA

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Purpose Non-gated residential communities (NGR) are now becoming significant in Jordan resulting in an increase in low and medium-income areas. This study aims to investigate the sense of community at residential level within NGR by testing the characteristics presented in the first and largest non-gated community in Jordan (Al-Sharq project). Design/methodology/approach Such characteristics were identified via literary reviews and visual data collected through site visits, observation and photographs of the project's physical settings. This formed the basis of a questionnaire/survey that was distributed to the residents. This research depends on the mixed-method approach (qualitative and quantitative) to achieve the research objectives. The quantitative method involved the use of a questionnaire/survey, while the qualitative method undertook a comparative process using some statistical methods for the main characteristics. The results were analysed by using descriptive statistics, comprising frequency and factor analyses. Findings The study concludes with a framework consisting of suggestions and recommendations to remove the main constraints on improving the quality of life for the non-gated residential community. Practical implications The outcome of this study will influence the decisions made by the parties involved in urban development in Jordan when designing residential neighborhoods. Originality/value The significance of this paper is that while the majority of studies have been on the evaluation of gated communities in developing countries, there have only been a limited of studies specifically examining the experience of residents in those environments. Therefore, this paper contributes and adds to the existing knowledge in the development of non-gated communities in a developing country.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the satisfaction rate for affordable housing in non-gated residential area (NGR): the case of Al-Sharq housing project in Zarqa-Jordan

Shawabkeh

Alzouby

Rjoub

et al. 2020

IJHMA

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“…Few empirical studies have shown the level of safety among residents from diverse socioeconomic and demographic backgrounds in the context of gated communities (Ferraro, 1995;Makinde, 2020a). Alohan and Ogedengbe (2018) looked at the comparative study of the influence of gated and non-gated residential estates on property values in Edo State in Nigeria whilst Gul et al (2018) analysed the association between the perception of crime and walking in gated and non-gated neighbourhoods of Asian developing countries. In essence, limited studies alluded to the area of the perception of residents' safety in the context of gated communities.…”

Section: Reviewing Past Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The physical characteristics may sometimes be in the form of barriers and enclosures, or demarcation, which are used to define members and outsiders (Gul et al, 2018). Though urban culture encourages individualism and anonymity, the concern for the safety of lives and property serves as a centripetal force and the basis for regrouping in residential neighbourhoods (Williamson, 2003).…”

Section: 10 Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residents' Socio-Economic Characteristics and Types of Gated Communities as Significant Determinants of Neighbourhood Safety in Ibadan, Nigeria

Makinde

2022

INTREST

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This study examined the residents’ socio-economic characteristics, types of gated communities, and the perception of safety in Ibadan, Nigeria. A questionnaire survey method and a direct observation schedule checklist were used to obtain the primary data. Thirty gated communities (GCs) indicating almost half of the 57 GCs were evaluated. Of 4922 units in the study areas, 493 samples, signifying 10% were appraised using a systematic sampling technique. Information was obtained from components of resident socio-economic characteristics and physical characteristics of neighbourhoods, which include: surveillance, territoriality, image and milieu, physical and design condition, experiences and social capital. The study used a Likert scale of 1 to 5 that started from very poor to excellent to measure elements of the Perception of Safety Index (PSI). The data obtained were evaluated using descriptive and inferential statistics. The result shows the levels and pattern of criminal activities in the study areas and identifies methods used by residents to curb the trend which comprises: enclosed neighbourhoods and gated communities. Others include vigilantes, community patrol, corporate guards or private security, putting in place closed circuit television (CCTV), jungle justice and mob action. This study showed that age, GC type, and the last time residents experienced an attack among others were related significantly to the perception of safety (p < 0.05). The analysis yielded p-values of 0.023, 0.005 and 0.001 respectively. The study resolved that the safety requirements of neighbourhoods varied, wide-ranging and comprehensive. The pathways for making improvements included: crime prevention through environmental design, social interaction, surveillance and improvement in the concepts of neighbourhood design, surveillance, territoriality, image and milieu.

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“…There are positive associations found in the literature between the presence of sidewalks [13], the presence of footpaths [14], and accessibility to opportunity for activity [15] with recreational walking. Some studies have failed to show such relationships between recreational walking and street connectivity [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While several researchers have investigated the correlation between walking and street connectivity, no studies have investigated the effects of a new form of neighborhoods, the gated neighborhoods (GC's), which are growing very fast all over the world [14,15,16]. The GC's are generally developed to serve one of the three purposes; prestigious GC's to house the upper class, lifestyle GC's to keep upper-middle class physically active, and security zone GC's [14,17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Walk towards sustainability: Improved neighbourhood street connectivity helps

2020

Self Cite

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Walking is important for human health, and street connectivity has been considered as an important attribute to enhance walking. Although street connectivity has been investigated widely in this field of study, the effects of street connectivity on walking have not been investigated with gated neighborhoods’ perspective. Therefore, this study’s objectives are comparing connectivity in gated and non-gated neighborhoods and investigating the association of connectivity with total walking in developing countries. Space Syntax (axial map) has been used to calculate connectivity in 16 neighborhoods, of Karachi, Pakistan. Neighborhood Physical Activity Questionnaire (NPAQ) has been used (n= 1,042 adults) to calculate total walking. Independent sample t-test has been used to check the differences in connectivity and total walking between gated and non-gated neighborhoods, while cross-tabulation (gamma test) has been used to analyze the association. The results show that connectivity and total walking are higher in non-gated neighborhoods than gated neighborhoods, and there is a small but significant association between connectivity and total walking. It indicates that total walking may be correlated to connectivity, therefore, it should be taken into account while designing neighborhoods.

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The association between the perception of crime and walking in gated and non-gated neighbourhoods of Asian developing countries

Cited by 16 publications

References 20 publications

Evaluating the satisfaction rate for affordable housing in non-gated residential area (NGR): the case of Al-Sharq housing project in Zarqa-Jordan

Evaluating the satisfaction rate for affordable housing in non-gated residential area (NGR): the case of Al-Sharq housing project in Zarqa-Jordan

Residents' Socio-Economic Characteristics and Types of Gated Communities as Significant Determinants of Neighbourhood Safety in Ibadan, Nigeria

Walk towards sustainability: Improved neighbourhood street connectivity helps

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