The association between water intake, body composition and cardiometabolic factors among children - The Cuenca study

Abstract

Introduction: Beverage consumption and its possible association with current obesity epidemic and metabolic syndrome is under investigation in recent years, however water intake is probably the most underestimated of all beverages and could play an important role. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the association between water intake, body composition and cardiometabolic factors in a sample of Spanish children. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 366 schoolchildren (53.5% girls) aged 9-11 years from the province of Cuenca in Spain. Data of anthropometrics, body composition, cardiometabolic risk factors and cardiorespiratory fi tness variables were collected. Beverage consumption was assessed using two non-consecutive 24 h dietary recalls. Results: We found an inverse association between the consumption of water (ml)/kg per weight with BMI, body fat, fat-free mass, waist circumference, insulin levels, HOMA-IR (p < 0.001), and with arterial pressure parameters, systolic (p < 0.010) and diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.028), and mean arterial pressure (p < 0.012), as well as direct associations with HDL cholesterol (p < 0.001). In ANCOVA analyses, children who drank less water (ml)/kg per weight, had higher levels of LDL cholesterol (p < 0.050) and lower levels of HDL cholesterol (p < 0.042), and overweight-obesity subjects drank less water (ml)/kg per weight than normal peers (p < 0.011). Besides, children with lower levels of HDL cholesterol and higher levels of triglycerides and blood pressure had less water intake as a beverage. Finally, children who drank less water from beverages had high levels of LDL cholesterol. Conclusions: Higher consumption of water (ml)/kg per weight was negatively associated with BMI, body fat, fat-free mass, waist circumference, insulin levels, HOMA-IR, and positively with HDL cholesterol in children independently of age, sex and cardiorespiratory fi tness. In addition, overweight-obese children drank less water (ml)/kg per weight than normoweight ones. Therefore, water consumption is associated with numerous health benefi ts and its adequate intake could contribute to prevent obesity and metabolic syndrome in childhood.

The Effect of Acute Hypohydration on Indicators of Glycemic Regulation, Appetite, Metabolism and Stress: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…Previous literature assessing the role of hydration on exercise performance has demonstrated the detrimental impact of acute hypohydration on aerobic [ 1 , 2 , 3 ] and anaerobic [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ] exercise performance, as well as cognitive function [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. In recent years, the focus has shifted from the short-term impact of hypohydration on exercise and cognitive performance to the role that inadequate fluid intake, also termed underhydration [ 12 ], has on health-related outcomes such as obesity [ 3 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ], diabetes [ 19 , 20 , 21 ], and chronic kidney disease [ 22 , 23 ]. However, the existing evidence examining the associations between underhydration on the aforementioned health-related outcomes in humans has primarily come from retrospective analyses of population-based cohort studies [ 22 ].…”

Assesment of obesogenic factors in school-age children

“…In previous studies it was found that higher consumption of water per weight was negatively associated with BMI and body fat, and obese children were less hydrated than normal peers, and they drink less water. 15,16 Compatible to other studies, we saw that these environmental factors create an obesogenic environment inducing obesity. [17][18][19] There are conflicting results in the literature about socio-economic level and frequency of obesity.…”

Estilo de vida de adolescentes estudantes de escolas públicas e privadas em Recife: ERICA

“…A ingestão de água é considerada uma prática de saúde, visto que sua falta (desidratação) pode influenciar na concentração, vigilância e memória de curto prazo e ocasionar problemas como cefaleia e litíase urinária 28 . Além disso, a ingestão adequada tem sido associada ao menor consumo energético, o que pode contribuir na prevenção da obesidade e síndrome metabólica 6,29 .…”