The association between weight-adjusted waist circumference index and lumbar bone mineral density

Abstract

Introduction The weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) is a novel metric developed for assessing fat and muscle mass, showing potential advantages over traditional measures like body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Despite its promise, the relationship between WWI and lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) remains uncertain. This study aimed to explore the association between lumbar BMD and WWI among adults in the United States. Methods Using data from the 2011–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), we selected adult participants aged 20 years and older. WWI and lumbar BMD were correlated using weighted multiple linear regression, and their non-linear connection was tested using smooth curve fitting. In addition, we conducted subgroup analyses and interaction tests. Results After adjusting for variables influencing lumbar BMD, analysis of 11,409 participants using a multiple linear regression model revealed a significant negative correlation between WWI and lumbar BMD. Subgroup analyses indicated consistent negative correlations across all subgroups, with race, gender, and BMI stratification significantly influencing the observed negative correlation. Conclusions: This study found a significant negative association between WWI and lumbar BMD in American adults. These findings contribute to understanding the complex relationship between obesity-related metrics and bone health, emphasizing the importance of considering WWI as a potential indicator in assessing bone density.