The Association of Birth Weight with Developmental Trends in Blood Pressure from Childhood through Mid-Adulthood: The Bogalusa Heart Study

Mzayek, Fawaz; Hassig, Susan E.; Sherwin, Roger; Jm, Hughes; Chen, W.; Srinivasan, Sathanur R.; Berenson, Gerald S.

doi:10.1093/aje/kwm098

Cited by 47 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The presence of cardiovascular risk factors in childhood has been shown to track into adulthood, where their effects may be amplified. 39,40 This supports the concept that microvascular abnormalities in childhood track into adulthood, where they may predispose to hypertension and other adult conditions. Narrower arterioles detected from retinal photographs could indicate the presence of more generalized vessel changes, such as vasoconstriction or arteriosclerosis (medial hyperplasia and mural thickening) possibly related to endothelial dysfunction.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Evidence of Arteriolar Narrowing in Low-Birth-Weight Children

et al. 2008

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Background-Cardiovascular disease may have its origins in utero, but the influence of in utero growth on microvascular structure in children is unknown. We hypothesized that poor in utero growth is associated with narrower arteriolar caliber, which may help explain the established association of low birth weight with hypertension and cardiovascular disease in adulthood. Methods and Results-We examined the relation of birth weight and other markers of in utero growth to microvascular caliber in the retina in a population-based study of 1369 6-year-old children in Sydney, Australia (Sydney Childhood Eye Study). Birth weight, birth length, and head circumference were obtained from parental records. Retinal arteriolar and venular calibers were measured from digitized retinal photographs by a validated computer-assisted method. Lower birth weight, shorter birth length, and smaller head circumference were associated with narrower retinal arteriolar caliber. Each kilogram decrease in birth weight was associated with a 2.3-m (95% CI 0.6 to 3.9, Pϭ0.01) narrower retinal arteriolar caliber after controlling for age, gender, ethnicity, height, body mass index, axial length, mean arterial blood pressure, and prematurity. Similar associations were observed between shorter birth length and smaller head circumference with narrower retinal arteriolar caliber. Conclusions-Children who had lower birth weight, shorter birth length, and smaller head circumference had narrower retinal arteriolar calibers. These data support the concept that poor in utero growth may have an adverse influence on microvascular structure. (Circulation. 2008;118:518-524.)

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Evidence of Arteriolar Narrowing in Low-Birth-Weight Children

et al. 2008

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“…For example, it is speculated that malnutrition is an important factor, as observed in the finding that the prevalence of hypertension in children from Pakistan, who have alower BMI, is higher than that in children from the United States, who are predominantly overweight. 17 this is also supported by Mzayek et al, 18 who found an inverse association between birth weight and later blood pressure. In our study, the prevalence of hypertension was 10.5% in the underweight group.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Prevalence of Hypertension in School and College Students

Santoso¹

2013

Kesmas: National Public Health Journal

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In Indonesia, the onset of hypertension has been observed in younger populations. Previous studies showed that hypertension occurred in adolescence, even in childhood. This cross sectional study aimed to provide a population-based estimation of hypertension prevalence and risk factors among school and college students in Surabaya, Indonesia. Using mercury sphygmomanometer blood pressure was measured in 335 participants grouped into 5 _ 9, 10 _ 14, 15 _ 19, and 20 _ 26 years of age. The prevalence data was linked to sex, age, body mass index (BMI), and a family history of diabetes and/ or cardiovascular disease. Hypertension in children was determined according to the Update on the Task Force Report (2004) and to the JNC-7 for other participants. Thirty one (9.3%) participants had developed hypertension. Hypertension prevalence tended to increase with age from 0% at 5 _ 9 years and 8.1% at 10 _ 14 years to 15.2% at 20 _ 26 years. Hypertension developed in 18 males and 13 females. Aged more than 20 years and family history of heart disease were significant risk factors for hypertension. Other factors, such as BMI and a family history of diabetes, were not significant. Malnutrition among children in golden age (0 _ 5 years) plays major role in increasing future risk of hypertension. Routine hypertension screening should be done in young adults aged 20 years in this country.Keywords: College students, hypertension, students Abstrak Di Indonesia, timbulnya hipertensi telah diamati pada populasi lebih muda. Studi sebelumnya menemukan bahwa hipertensi dapat terjadi pada masa remaja, bahkan masa kecil. Tujuan penelitian potong lintang ini adalah memberikan estimasi berbasis populasi prevalensi dan faktor risiko hipertensi pada pelajar dan mahasiswa di Surabaya, Indonesia. Dengan sfignomanometer merkuri diukur tekanan darah pada 335 partisipan yang dikelompokkan ke dalam kelompok usia 5 _ 9, 10 _ 14, 15 _ 19, dan 20 _ 26 tahun. Data prevalensi dikaitkan dengan jenis kelamin, usia, indeks massa tubuh (IMT), dan riwayat diabetes dan/atau penyakit kardiovaskular pada keluarga. Hipertensi pada anak ditentukan sesuai dengan the Update on the Task Force Report (2004). Partisipan lain dikelompokkan menurut JNC-7 untuk diagnosis hipertensi. Peserta sebanyak 31 (9,3%) didapatkan telah mengalami hipertensi. Prevalensi hipertensi cenderung meningkat sejalan usia dari 0% pada 5 _ 9 tahun dan 8,1% pada 10 _ 14 tahun menjadi 15,2% pada 20 _ 26 tahun. Hipertensi terjadi pada 18 laki-laki dan 13 perempuan. Usia lebih 20 tahun dan riwayat penyakit jantung pada keluarga merupakan faktor risiko signifikan untuk hipertensi. Faktor-faktor lain, seperti IMT dan riwayat keluarga diabetes, tidak signifikan. Gizi buruk pada anak di usia emas (0 _ 5 tahun) berperan utama meningkatkan risiko hipertensi di masa depan. Di Indonesia, skrining hipertensi rutin harus dilakukan pada dewasa muda usia 20 tahun.

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“…19 Previous work in the Bogalusa Heart Study found that lower birthweight was associated with higher systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, insulin resistance, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and that the last three associations were stronger in blacks. 20,21 Frontini et al found more negative trends in cardiovascular risk factors among children and adolescents born < 10 th birthweight percentile for gestational age. 22 The aims of the current analysis were to examine whether there was a relationship between birthweight and metabolic syndrome as a whole (using multiple definitions of metabolic syndrome) as an adult in an AfricanAmerican/white cohort and to determine whether this relationship varied by body size.…”

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confidence: 99%

Is the Metabolic Syndrome a “Small Baby” Syndrome?: The Bogalusa Heart Study

Harville

Srinivasan

Chen

et al. 2012

Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders

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Background: Metabolic syndrome has been called a ''small baby syndrome,'' but other analyses suggest that postnatal growth is more important than birthweight, or that large babies are also at risk. The aim of this analysis was to examine whether there was a relationship between both low and high birthweight and metabolic syndrome, using multiple definitions of metabolic syndrome, and to determine whether this relationship varied by body size across the life course. Methods: Data from the Bogalusa Heart Study, a study of cardiovascular disease in children and young adults, were linked to birth certificate data. Metabolic syndrome was defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program, the International Diabetes Foundation, and the World Health Organization (WHO) definition. Smallfor-gestational-age (SGA) was defined as birthweight < 10 th percentile by sex for gestational age and large-forgestational-age (LGA) as birthweight > 90 th percentile. Birthweight-for-gestational-age was also examined as a continuous predictor. Chi-squared tests and logistic regression were used to examine the relationship between birth size and metabolic syndrome. Results: Higher birthweight-for-gestational-age was associated with a reduced risk of metabolic syndrome, especially by the WHO definition. After adjustment for body mass index (BMI), categorized birthweight was associated with metabolic syndrome, with the protective associations with LGA being stronger than the positive associations with SGA. Among the individual components of metabolic syndrome, higher waist circumference was associated with both SGA and LGA after BMI was controlled for. Effects of SGA and BMI at any age were largely independent rather than interactive. Conclusions: SGA is associated with some, but not all, components of metabolic syndrome. The relationship between SGA and metabolic syndrome is partially confounded by later BMI.

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The Association of Birth Weight with Developmental Trends in Blood Pressure from Childhood through Mid-Adulthood: The Bogalusa Heart Study

Cited by 47 publications

References 52 publications

Evidence of Arteriolar Narrowing in Low-Birth-Weight Children

Evidence of Arteriolar Narrowing in Low-Birth-Weight Children

Prevalence of Hypertension in School and College Students

Is the Metabolic Syndrome a “Small Baby” Syndrome?: The Bogalusa Heart Study

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