The Association of Changes in Physical-Activity Level and Other Lifestyle Characteristics with Mortality among Men

Paffenbarger, Ralph S.; Hyde, Robert T.; Wing, Alvin L.; Lee, I-Min; Jung, Dexter L.; Kampert, James B.

doi:10.1056/nejm199302253280804

Cited by 1,690 publications

(853 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The scores were matched and the differences were sorted out taking into account the existing literature. 16, 17 The economic status of the population was low to average. The total family income from all sources was inquired.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and determinants of hypertension in an un-industrialised rural population of North India

et al. 1999

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Recent studies have indicated a rising prevalence of hypertension in rural and urban areas of India. A population-based survey was carried out during 1994 -1995 in seven rural and non-industrialised villages around RaipurRani block in the state of Haryana, India, to determine the prevalence of hypertension and its associated risk factors. A total of 2559 individuals (86% of the eligible population) in the 16 to 70-year age group were interviewed using a pre-tested structured questionnaire to find out the lifestyle characteristics. Three blood pressure (BP) readings were recorded with a random zero sphygmomanometer at three different times. One hundred and fourteen individuals (4.5%) were found to be hypertensive according to JNC V criteria (BP of у 140/90 mm Hg). Mean systolic and diastolic BPs were 116.9 and 71.7 mm Hg in males and 119.1 and 72.7

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and determinants of hypertension in an un-industrialised rural population of North India

et al. 1999

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“…Obesity is associated with overall increases in morbidity and mortality (Paffenbarger et al 1993), resulting from an increased risk of diabetes mellitus Folsom et al 1996;Kujala et al 1994;World Health Organization 2000), heart disease (World Health Organization 2000; Hamm et al 1989;Klein et al 2004;Kujala et al 1994;Manson et al 1990;Rimm et al 1995;Willett et al 1995 , and breast cancer (Ziegler et al 1996). If obesity rates rise at the current pace, obesity will exceed smoking as the leading preventable cause of death in the USA within the next few years (Mokdad et al 2004).…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Relevance of animal models to human eating disorders and obesity

2008

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Background and rationale This review addresses the role animal models play in contributing to our knowledge about the eating disorders anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) and obesity. Objectives Explore the usefulness of animal models in complex biobehavioral familial conditions, such as AN, BN, and obesity, that involve interactions among genetic, physiologic, psychological, and cultural factors. Results and conclusionsThe most promising animal model to mimic AN is the activity-based anorexia rodent model leading to pathological weight loss. The paradigm incorporates reward elements of the drive for activity in the presence of an appetite and allows the use of genetically modified animals. For BN, the sham-feeding preparation in rodents equipped with a gastric fistula appears to be best suited to reproduce the postprandial emesis and the defects in satiety. Animal models that incorporate genes linked to behavior and mood may clarify biobehavioral processes underlying AN and BN. By contrast, a relative abundance of animal models has contributed to our understanding of human obesity. Both environmental and genetic determinants of obesity have been modeled in rodents. Here, we consider single gene mutant obesity models, along with models of obesigenic environmental conditions. The contributions of animal models to obesity research are illustrated by their utility for identifying genes linked to human obesity, for elucidating the pathways that regulate body weight and for the identification of potential therapeutic targets. The utility of these models may be further improved by exploring the impact of experimental manipulations on the behavioral determinants of energy balance.

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“…Thus, reduced physical activity follows loss of muscle mass, and then accelerates it by removing the trophic stimulus of the activity. The improved survival and reduced disability of elderly athletes who remain physically active suggest that such a vicious cycle is avoidable under some circumstances (Paffenbarger et al, 1986(Paffenbarger et al, , 1993. More importantly, perhaps, the ability to reverse these changes with PRT suggests that they are modi®able effects of aging.…”

Section: Impact Of Sarcopeniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Sarcopenia and its implications for the elderly

2000

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Sarcopenia is the loss of muscle mass and strength with age. Sarcopenia is a part of normal aging, and occurs even in master athletes, although it is clearly accelerated by physical inactivity. Sarcopenia contributes to disability, reduced ability to cope with the stress of a major illness, and to mortality in the elderly. The etiology of sarcopenia is unclear, but several important factors have been identi®ed. These include loss of alpha motor neurons, decline in muscle cell contractility, and several potential humoral factors, such as androgen and estrogen withdrawal and increase in production of catabolic cytokines. Treatment of sarcopenia with progressive resistance training is safe and effective, but dissemination of this technique to the general population has yet to occur. As the number of elderly persons increases exponentially in the new century, a public health approach to prevention and treatment of sarcopenia, based on increasing physical activity at all ages, will be crucial to avoiding an epidemic of disability in the future.

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The Association of Changes in Physical-Activity Level and Other Lifestyle Characteristics with Mortality among Men

Abstract: Beginning moderately vigorous sports activity, quitting cigarette smoking, maintaining normal blood pressure, and avoiding obesity were separately associated with lower rates of death from all causes and from coronary heart disease among middle-aged and older men.

Cited by 1,690 publications

References 26 publications

Prevalence and determinants of hypertension in an un-industrialised rural population of North India

Prevalence and determinants of hypertension in an un-industrialised rural population of North India

Relevance of animal models to human eating disorders and obesity

Sarcopenia and its implications for the elderly

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