The Association of Depression and Mortality in Elderly Persons: A Case for Multiple, Independent Pathways

Blazer, Dan G.; Hybels, Celia F.; Pieper, Carl F.

doi:10.1093/gerona/56.8.m505

Cited by 217 publications

(178 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Several other studies found that depressive disorder is associated with body mass index [39,40] and obesity [41], especially among subjects with severe obesity. Depressive disorders also have been found to be associated with lower physical activity [17•], and with a larger number of fatal accidents [42].…”

Section: Other Hazardous Health Behaviorsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Increased mortality in depressive disorders: A review

Cuijpers

Schoevers²

2004

Curr Psychiatry Rep

139

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Section: Other Hazardous Health Behaviorsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Increased mortality in depressive disorders: A review

Cuijpers

Schoevers²

2004

Curr Psychiatry Rep

139

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“…Furthermore, depression may act on mortality through multiple relatively independent pathways, which pathways may lead to double feedback loops. For example: depression is known to increase the likelihood of functional impairment, and functional impairment in turn, is a risk factor for depression (Penninx et al, 2000;Blazer et al, 2001).…”

Section: Explanationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between generalized anxiety disorder, depression and mortality in old age

Holwerda

Schoevers

Dekker³

et al. 2006

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

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SUMMARYBackground The association between depression and an increased risk of death in elderly persons has been established in both clinical and community studies. Co-occurrence of depression and generalized anxiety has been shown to represent more severe and more chronic psychopathology. However, little is known about the relation between generalized anxiety disorder, mixed anxiety-depression (generalized anxiety disorder and depression) and excess mortality in the elderly. Objective To investigate whether generalized anxiety and mixed anxiety-depression are associated with mortality. Method Generalized anxiety disorder, mixed anxiety-depression and depression were assessed in 4051 older persons with a ten-year follow-up of community death registers. The mortality risk of generalized anxiety, depression and mixed anxietydepression was calculated after adjustment for demographic variables, physical illness, functional disabilities and social vulnerability. Results In generalized anxiety disorder and mixed anxiety-depression no significant excess mortality was found. In depression a significant excess mortality was found in men [HR 1.44 (1.09-1.89)] but not in women [HR 1.04 (0.87-1.24)] after adjustment for the different variables. Conclusions In elderly persons depression increases the risk of death in men. Neither generalized anxiety nor mixed anxiety-depression are associated with excess mortality. Generalized anxiety disorder may even predict less mortality in depressive elderly people. The relation between generalized anxiety disorder and its possibly protective effect on mortality has to be further explored.

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“…The risk for mortality in elderly patients diagnosed with depression doubles when the patients are followed over 3 years. 3 Although much of this research has focused on major depression, clinically significant depressive symptoms, which are more prevalent than major depression as they affect 3e26% of community-dwelling old adults, have received little attention in the literature. 2 Although depressive symptoms do not meet the diagnostic criteria for major depression and thus are not considered to be as severe, the consequences of significant depressive symptoms, including functional impairment, medical morbidity, and increased health care costs, are quite similar to those of major depression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity and depressive symptoms in older adults

Lee

Brar

et al. 2014

Geriatric Nursing

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a b s t r a c tObjectives: Depressive symptoms are prevalent in older adults, and physical activity (PA) may have beneficial effects on depression. The purpose of this study was to explore the association between physical activity and depressive symptoms, taking into account demographic factors, and the associations between selected demographic factors and physical activity levels in community-dwelling older adults (age 60 years). Methods: Data were drawn from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005e2006. Descriptive statistics and logistic models were used in data analysis. Results: Four percent of participants reported moderate depressive symptoms, and 24% of subjects exhibited sedentary PA. Factors associated with increased risk of moderate depression included age, sedentary PA, and chronic medical conditions (ps < 0.05). Sedentary PA was significantly associated with age, race, education, BMI, smoking status, alcohol use, and taking psychotropics (ps < 0.05). Discussion: PA is a protective factor for depression in older adults, and clinical implications to encourage PA are discussed.

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The Association of Depression and Mortality in Elderly Persons: A Case for Multiple, Independent Pathways

Cited by 217 publications

References 19 publications

Increased mortality in depressive disorders: A review

Increased mortality in depressive disorders: A review

The relationship between generalized anxiety disorder, depression and mortality in old age

Physical activity and depressive symptoms in older adults

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