The Association of Dietary Magnesium and Prediabetes in Childbearing Chinese Women: Results from China Nutrition and Health Surveillance (2015–2017)

Abstract

Although several studies have shown the relationship between magnesium and diabetes, there are few studies regarding the association between magnesium status and prediabetes. This study aimed to examine the association between dietary magnesium intake and the risk of prediabetes in childbearing Chinese women (18–44 years). A total of 1981 participants without diabetes were randomly selected from China Nutrition and Health Surveillance (CNHS) in 2015 by considering the regional types and monitoring points, including 1420 normal fasting glucose (NFG) people and 561 prediabetes cases. The Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) measured dietary and plasma magnesium. The results of this study showed that dietary magnesium intake was inversely associated with fasting plasma glucose. For every 100 mg of magnesium intake, there was a 0.052 mmol/L (95% CI 0.019, 0.085) reduction in fasting plasma glucose (p = 0.002). Compared with the lowest intake quartile (<350.10 mg/day), the third and fourth quartiles (≥405.41 mg/day) reduced the odds risk of prediabetes (OR = 0.63, 95% CI 0.46, 0.88, p = 0.020) by approximately 37%. The dose-response curves for the association between magnesium intake and prediabetes followed an L shape. The odds ratio of prediabetes decreased significantly with increasing dietary Mg intake at less than 410 mg/day, and then the curve leveled off or slightly increased. This study found a negative association between dietary magnesium intake and prediabetes in childbearing Chinese women. The risk of prediabetes was reduced with increasing dietary magnesium intake, and the threshold value was 410 mg/day. This suggests that childbearing women also need to pay attention to their magnesium status.

Study on the Dose–Response Relationship between Magnesium and Type 2 Diabetes of Childbearing Women in the China Adult Chronic Disease and Nutrition Surveillance 2015

“…We also explored the possible threshold of dietary magnesium in the prevention of T2DM by a restricted cubic spline regression. It was found that there was a significant association with T2DM when the diet Mg intake was less than 408 mg/d [38]. This threshold is very close to our team's previously published research, with a threshold of 410 mg/d for dietary magnesium in the prevention of prediabetes.…”

“…However, a cross-sectional study concluded that more than 300 mg/d of Mg intake might not improve insulin sensitivity and have no influence [41]. The difference in the dietary magnesium threshold may be due to different dietary survey methods (including 3 days, 24 h, and FFQ) [38] and statistical methods, and another may be due to differences among study populations. However, unlike other studies, we further analyzed the threshold effects of dietary and plasma Mg on T2DM and found a good consistency between plasma and dietary Mg.…”

Association Between Serum Magnesium Levels and Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes

“… 5 Maintaining an appropriate serum magnesium level is crucial for diabetic patients, as it plays a significant role in glucose and insulin metabolism. 6 Researches 7 , 8 indicate that low serum magnesium levels may contribute to insulin resistance and increase the risk of diabetes.…”