The association of dietary patterns with dietary inflammatory index, systemic inflammation, and insulin resistance, in apparently healthy individuals with obesity

Abstract

Inflammation is considered a key mechanism leading to obesity. Dietary patterns and certain food items influence inflammation. Few studies have investigated the contribution of major dietary patterns to biological measures of inflammation. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the associations of different dietary patterns with dietary inflammatory index (DII), systemic inflammation, and insulin resistance (IR) in the apparently healthy obese. In this cross-sectional study, 151 abdominally obese subjects were recruited from the Northwest of Iran. Dietary intake, demographic data, anthropometric indices, and physical activity (PA) was assessed. DII scores were calculated based on a validated 168-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Three dietary patterns were identified, using principal component analysis. Basal blood samples were collected to determine biochemical parameters. Linear regression test with adjusted beta estimates was applied for data analysis. Three dietary patterns were extracted as Healthy, Western, and Traditional. Body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.01) and fat mass (p < 0.001) were directly associated with the Western dietary pattern. Conversely, serum lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) (b = − 0.1, p < 0.04) was negatively associated with Healthy dietary pattern, after controlling for confounders. The Traditional pattern was found to be inversely related to DII (b = − 0.3, p < 0.001). The association was also reveresed between Traditional pattern and IR (Odds Ratio: 0.3 (95% Confidence Interval 0.1–0.9)). The results suggested that the Western dietary pattern was related to higher BMI and fat mass. In addition, the Healthy pattern was associated with decreased levels of LBP. Adherence to the Traditional dietary pattern was inversely related to DII as well as IR.

The dietary inflammatory index, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular risk factors and diseases

“…They found that Western dietary pattern was associated with higher BMI and fat mass. 67 In a study in 171 Iranian participants with abdominal obesity, a higher DII was associated with BMI before and after adjustment for age, sex, physical activity, and level of energy intake. 68 In 301 Iranian women with overweight or with obesity (age 18-56 years, BMI 31 kg/m 2 ), DII was associated with fat-free mass (bioimpedance) but not (%) body fat, WC, or WHR.…”

“…A previously mentioned, cross-sectional study of 151 healthy Iranian participants with central obesity 67 found that those in the highest tertile of traditional diet (lower inflammatory potential than proinflammatory diets) had lower homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) scores (less insulin resistance) than those in the lowest tertile of traditional diet 67 and was inversely associated with DII. This indicates that consuming the traditional diet, rich in fresh fruits, green leafy vegetables, and poultry, may have reduced insulin resistance.…”

The iMPROVE Study; Design, Dietary Patterns, and Development of a Lifestyle Index in Overweight and Obese Greek Adults

“…Such patterns may include food combinations each time representative of the region of living, while maintaining a strong influence of the dietary habits and combinations usually found in the Western and/or the Mediterranean diet. A 2021 study by Saghafi-Asi et al investigating the relationship between dietary patterns and biochemical biomarkers of 151 healthy obese Iranian adults, also underlined a positive association between a "Western" dietary pattern with high fat and sugar content and BMI and body fat levels [22]. Additionally, a different study in Romanian obese adults also underlined the identification of a "high meat/high fat", a "Western," and a "Prudent" pattern [23].…”

Higher Dietary Inflammatory Index Scores Are Associated With Stress and Anxiety in Dormitory-Residing Female University Students in the United Arab Emirates

“…Diet and nutrition are uniquely involved in mental health abnormalities, due to the ability of specific food constituents to influence inflammatory pathways ( 11 ) that contribute to chronic diseases ( 12 – 14 ) and mental health disorders ( 15 ). There is growing interest in modulating inflammation to reduce cardiometabolic risks ( 16 ) and mental health outcomes ( 17 ) by altering intakes of pro- and anti-inflammatory food components of usual diets.…”