The association of dietary patterns with muscle mass and strength in old age: The Hordaland Health Study

Abstract

Purpose The single nutrient approach in nutrition research lacks the ability to account for synergistic relationships between dietary components. Current evidence suggests that diet quality, reflecting overall dietary intake, may influence muscle health. In a community-based observational study in Western Norway, we examined dietary patterns in relation to muscle mass and strength at age 67–70. Methods The current analysis was conducted in men and women of The Hordaland Health Study (HUSK), who participated in both the second (HUSK2) and third study wave (HUSK3). Dietary patterns were extracted by principal component analysis (PCA) on food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) data. Individual dietary pattern scores (DPS) for HUSK2 (age 46–49) and HUSK3 (age 67–70), and overall DPS (oDPS) were calculated. Outcome variables were appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM) and handgrip strength (HGS) measured in HUSK3. The relationships of HUSK3 DPS and oDPS with ASMM and HGS were assessed by multivariate linear regression analysis adjusted for potential confounding factors. Results We identified three distinct dietary patterns, labelled ‘Western’, ‘Healthy’, and ‘Sweets-focused’. A significant positive association was observed between the oDPS for the ‘Healthy’ dietary pattern and ASMM in both men and women at age 67–70. No significant associations were found between HUSK3 DPS or oDPS for any of the identified dietary patterns and HGS in our population. Conclusion Higher oDPS on a dietary pattern predominantly rich in fish, vegetables, nuts and seeds, fruit and berries, and eggs was associated with better ASMM at age 67–70. To establish the influence of diet quality on muscle health, further long-term studies with repeated dietary assessments are warranted.

The Association of Isocaloric Substitution of Dietary Protein in Middle Age with Muscle Mass and Strength in Old Age: The Hordaland Health Study

“…Although the protein intake estimate of 1.6 g/kg bw/d in HUSK3 is higher than what has been reported in other comparable cohorts [46], it may possibly be attributed to overestimation by the WebFFQ, as the risk of overestimation is increased in FFQs that inquire about a very large number of items [47][48][49]. However, it may also, to an extent, reflect a true high intake, considering the likely presence of "healthy volunteer" selection bias in HUSK, as described in a previous study [50]. Notably, the estimated percentage of protein energy in HUSK3 (~18 E%) was comparable with that of Norkost3, the third national dietary survey conducted among adults in Norway, which is intended to be representative of the general Norwegian population aged 18-70 y [51].…”

Glyphosate exposure, muscular health and functional limitations in middle-aged and older adults.

“…This cycle is influenced by factors such as genetics (Pratt et al, 2019) and lifestyle (Oliveira et al, 2020;Azzolino et al, 2021;Pana et al, 2021;Li et al, 2023). Thus, it is well-known that resistance training, adequate nutrition or sufficient rest are vital for lifelong muscle well-being (Oliveira et al, 2020;Azzolino et al, 2021;Pana et al, 2021;Sabir et al, 2023;Li et al, 2023), while genetic predisposition seems to play a role in shaping the composition of muscle fibers, their distribution and their response to resistance training (Pratt et al, 2019), as well as neuronal maintenance and signal transduction (Fuku et al, 2019;Pratt et al, 2019).…”